12주 운동이 비만 합병증 노인의 대사변인, 심혈관계 변인,신체구성 및 근기능에 미치는 영향
Effects of a 12 Week-Exercise Program on Metabolic Variables,Cardiovascular Variables, Body Composition and Muscular Functionin the Elderly with Complications of Obesity
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연구배경 : 본 연구는 비만과 합병증을 동반한 노인들을 대상으로 순수한 운동의 효과만을 관찰하고자 12주간 운동프로그램을 적용하여 대사변인, 심혈관계 변인, 신체구성 성분 및 근기능에 대한 차이와 변화를 분석하였다. 방 법 : 대상은 65세 이상 노인들로, 비만으로 인한 동일한 합병증을 보유한 노인들을 선정하고자 범위를 고혈압, 고지혈증 및 당뇨병을 가지고 있는 노인들로 구성하였다. 피험자들은 운동에 참여하는 남자 운동군(n=19)과 비운동군(n=19), 여자 운동군(n=20)과 비운동군(n=20)으로 무선 배정하였고, 실험전과 12주 후 제 변인의 차이와 변화를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 실험 후 운동에 참여했던 노인들의 대사변인 중 혈당(BG)과 총콜레스테롤(TC)이 감소하여 정상수준으로 개선된 반면, 운동에 참여하지 않았던 노인들의 BG와 TC는 증가하여 대사기능이 쇠퇴함을 알 수 있었다. 심혈관계 변인들과 신체구성 성분 또한 운동에 참여한 집단에서 바람직한 변화를 보였고, 근기능 변인들에서 상호작용 효과가 유의하게 나타나 12주간의 운동이 노인들의 장애정도를 늦출 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 결 론 : 비만과 합병증을 동반한 노인들을 대상으로 순수하게 운동만을 적용하더라도 대사변인이나 심혈관계 변인, 신체구성과 근기능에 바람직한 변화를 제공하여 삶의 질 등을 개선하는데 도움이 된다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, orthopedic abnormalities, and some cancers. Treatment for weight reduction varies; however, ultimately a negative energy balance must be established if weight is to decrease. Weight loss in obese individuals will generally lead to reduced risk factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pure effects of exercise on metabolic variables, cardiovascular variables, body composition and muscular function in the elderly with complications of obesity. Methods To determine whether exercise, itself, is important in changing the risk profiles of obesity, four groups of elderly were studied: men-exercise program (Ex-M, n=19; age, 77.94±5.59years; percent fat, 28.18±3.24%), men-no exercise (Con-M, n=19; age, 79.31±7.27years; percent fat, 26.07±5.55%), women-exercise program (Ex-F, n=20; age, 78.70±5.23years; percent fat, 36.09±4.90%), and women-no exercise (Con-F, n=20; age, 76.45±6.41years; percent fat, 31.77±3.13%). After 12 weeks, the risk profiles were retested and analyzed. Results The levels of blood glucose and total cholesterol decreased to normal values in both the men and women exercise groups; and the levels for those not participating in an exercise program were higher than their baseline measures after 12 weeks. Also, the cardiovascular variables and body compositions of the exercise groups improved, almost all variables of muscular function showed significant interactions between groups and observation times(P<0.05). Such changes, including higher lean mass and improved muscular function, help the elderly delay disability. Conclusions A 12-week exercise program improves metabolic and cardiovascular variables, body composition and muscular function in the elderly with complications of obesity, which will most likely lead to a higher quality of life compared to those who are sedentary. These findings have important clinical implications if we are to prevent the frailty and morbidity associated with aging.
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