12주간 high-speed 탄력 밴드 운동이 경도인지장애 고령여성의 인지 능력, 신체 수행 능력과 근력에 미치는 영향
Effects of 12 Weeks High-Speed Elastic Band Training on Cognitive Function, Physical Performance and Muscle Strength in Older Women with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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배경: 저항성 운동은 근력의 향상을 통한 낙상 방지, 신체 수행 능력의 향상뿐만 아니라 인지 기능 향상 등의 효과들이 검증되면서 점차 저항성 운동과 경도인지장애를가진 노인에 관련한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 high-speed 파워 트레이닝의 프로토콜을 적용한high-speed 탄력 밴드 운동이 경도인지장애를 가진 고령여성 노인에게 인지 능력, 신체 수행 능력, 근력에 미치는효과를 검증하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구는 무작위 대조군 연구로 진행하였으며,경도인지장애를 가진 노인을 대상으로 운동군(n=20)과 대조군(n=19)으로 분류하였다. 운동 프로그램에서 실시한밴드 색의 강도는 녹색, 주관적 운동 강도(RPE)는 12-13으로 설정하였으며, 주 2회 본 운동 프로그램과 주 3회home-based 운동을 12주 실시하였다. 결과: 인지 능력 검사는 숫자 바로 따라 외우기 검사(P<0.001), 숫자 거꾸로 따라 외우기(P=0.003), 스트룹 검사 B (P=0.031)에서 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 신체 수행능력 검사는 SPPB 점수에서 유의한 증가(P=0.010)를 보였으며, 근력 검사 중 등속성 검사에서는 오른쪽 무릎 60° 신근(P=0.004), 60° 굴근(P=0.001), 180° 신근(P=0.020), 악력검사에서는 유의한 증가(P=0.025)를 나타내었다. 결론: 12주간 high-speed 탄력 밴드 운동은 경도인지장애를 가진 고령 여성 노인의 인지 능력과 신체 수행 능력,근력이 향상되는데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본연구는 인지 능력 향상을 통해 치매 단계로의 이환 속도를 지연시킬 뿐만 아니라 노화와 더불어 발생하는 근력감소와 낙상, 신체 수행 기능 감소 등 노쇠한 노인의 독립적인 생활을 개선할 수 있는 연구 결과를 제시함으로써향후 경도인지장애를 가진 노인에게 적용할 수 있는 특화된 운동 중재 프로그램이 될 수 있음을 제시한다.
Abstract
Background: Exercise has shown to slow down the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) todementia. In particular, not only resistance exercise has been verified to improve physical performance andmuscle strength, leading to the prevention of fall-related injuries in the frail elderly, but also cognitive function. In this study, we investigated how high-speed elastic band training, applied using a high-speed power trainingprotocol, affects cognition, physical performance and muscle strength of female elderly individuals with MCI. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects diagnosed with MCI from one senior college using a Korean version of mini-mentalstate examination (MMSE-K) and a Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) wererandomly divided into exercise group (n=20) and control group (n=19). The exercise group completed a12-week high-speed resistance elastic band exercise program and was encouraged to exercise at home aswell during the intervention period. Results: The results showed significant increases in cognitive function, physical performance and musclestrength assessed by digit span forward test (P<0.001), digit span backward test (P=0.003), the Stroop test B(P=0.031), SPPB scores (P=0.010), right knee 60° extensor peak torque (P=0.004), 60° flexor peak torque(P=0.001), 180° extensor peak torque (P=0.020) and grip strength (P=0.025)Conclusions: Our study showed that participants with MCI who continued the high-speed elastic band trainingprogram for 12 weeks showed improvements in cognitive function, physical performance and muscle strength.
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