12주간 high-speed 탄력 밴드 운동이 농촌 고령자의 신체 수행 능력과 근기능에 미치는 영향
Effects of High-speed Elastic Band Training on Physical Fitness and Muscle Function in Rural Community-dwelling Elderly: a Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
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연구배경: 노화로 인한 신체 수행 능력의 감소는 신체 움직임의 기능적 손실을 야기한다. Power training은 근육의파워와 기능을 향상시키고, 나아가 일상생활을 수행하는데도움을 준다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선행 연구에서 효과가검증된 근감소증 중재 운동 방법을 보완 및 적용해 농촌맞춤형 운동 중재 방법으로써 효과를 검증하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구는 단일맹검 무작위 방법으로 대상을 대조군과 운동군으로 분류하였으며 탄력 밴드를 이용해 12주동안 주 2회의 high-speed 탄력 밴드 운동(1초 동안 단축성수축 실행)을 실시하였다. 운동 중재 전후에 신체조성 및계측, 혈액검사, 노인체력검사와 상, 하지 근력검사, 우울척도 그리고 신체활동설문지를 통해 운동 효과를 증명하였다. 결과: 대조군의 체중에서 사전 값에 비해 사후 값에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가(Paired t-test: P＝0.008)했지만 운동군에서는 체중의 변화가 나타나지 않았다(Group × Time: P＝0.013). 운동군에서는 대조군에 비해 노인체력검사 항목중 30초 동안 의자에 앉았다 일어나기(P＜0.001)와 아령 들기(P＜0.001) 검사에서 통계적으로 유의하게 개선되었으며knee flexion 근력 검사(P＝0.034)와 신체활동설문지(P＜0.001) 검사에서도 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해, high-speed 탄력 밴드 운동을 적용한 운동 중재가 농촌 노인의 체력과 근력을 향상시키고, 일상 생활 수행 능력을 개선시키는데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 간편하고 쉬운 동작의 밴드 운동이 농촌 노인들의 근감소증을 예방할 수 있는 운동 프로그램으로 보급 및 확산될 수 있는 근거를 제시한다.
Abstract
Background: Aging related decrease in muscle strength and flexibility leads to functional loss of physical ability. Power training is known to improve these capacities and helps in performing daily routine better. Therefore, we modified previously proven and certified sarcopenia intervention exercise for elderly in rural community and applied them to examine the effects on physical fitness and muscle functions to show its applicability. Methods: Subjects were divided into control and exercise group using single-blind method. Exercise group underwent high-speed elastic band training(concentric contraction in 1 second) 2 days per week for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, we performed body composition analysis, anthropometric measurement, blood test, blood pressure check, senior fitness test (SFT), upper body and lower body strength examination. Korean version of Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (K-PASE), and Center for Epidemiological Studies- Depression Scale (CES-D) were also assessed. Results: Body weight in control group was significantly increased (Paired t-test: P＝0.008), although it was consistent in exercise group (Group×Time: P＝0.013). 30-second chair stand (P＜0.001) and 30-second arm curl (P＜0.001) of the senior fitness test were also significantly improved in exercise group compared to control. In addition, muscle strength of knee flexion (P＝0.034) and K-PASE score (P＜0.001) were improved in training group with statistical significance. Conclusions: The modified high-speed elastic band training for rural elderly improved muscle strength and daily physical performance. This result suggests a simple and easy to perform band training could be an excellent solution to prevent sarcopenia in rural elderly. It also supports the evidence that this program would be widely distributed.
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