Distributions of Fecal Indicators at Aquaculture Areas in a Bay of Republic of Korea
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Aquaculture products, such as clams, scallops, and oysters, are major vectors of fecal-derived pathogens. Male-specific and somatic coliphages are strongly correlated with human noroviruses, the major enteric viruses worldwide. Geographic information system with local land-use patterns can also provide valuable information for tracking sources of fecal-derived pathogens. We examined distributions of four fecal indicator microorganisms, i.e., male-specific and somatic coliphage, total coliform, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in three river and seawater sampling sites located on the coast of Gomso Bay in the Republic of Korea during the sampling period (from March 2015 to January 2016). Geospatial analyses of fecal indicators and correlations between environmental parameters and fecal indicators or among fecal indicators were also performed. Overall, river water samples showed highest concentrations of both types of coliphage in summer (July 2015). High concentrations of both total coliform and E. coli were detected in river water during the period from July to September 2015. High concentrations of all fecal indicators were found at site GL02, located in the innermost part of Gomso Bay, which has high-density agriculture and residential areas. Environmental factors related to precipitation—cumulative precipitation on and from 3 days before the sampling day (Prep-0 and Prep-3, respectively)—and salinity were strongly correlated with the concentrations of all fecal indicators. The present results suggest that investigations of multiple fecal indicators with systemic geospatial information are necessary for precisely tracking fecal contaminations of aquaculture products.
Abstract
Aquaculture products, such as clams, scallops, and oysters, are major vectors of fecal-derived pathogens. Male-specific and somatic coliphages are strongly correlated with human noroviruses, the major enteric viruses worldwide. Geographic information system with local land-use patterns can also provide valuable information for tracking sources of fecal-derived pathogens. We examined distributions of four fecal indicator microorganisms, i.e., male-specific and somatic coliphage, total coliform, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in three river and seawater sampling sites located on the coast of Gomso Bay in the Republic of Korea during the sampling period (from March 2015 to January 2016). Geospatial analyses of fecal indicators and correlations between environmental parameters and fecal indicators or among fecal indicators were also performed. Overall, river water samples showed highest concentrations of both types of coliphage in summer (July 2015). High concentrations of both total coliform and E. coli were detected in river water during the period from July to September 2015. High concentrations of all fecal indicators were found at site GL02, located in the innermost part of Gomso Bay, which has high-density agriculture and residential areas. Environmental factors related to precipitation—cumulative precipitation on and from 3 days before the sampling day (Prep-0 and Prep-3, respectively)—and salinity were strongly correlated with the concentrations of all fecal indicators. The present results suggest that investigations of multiple fecal indicators with systemic geospatial information are necessary for precisely tracking fecal contaminations of aquaculture products.
참고문헌 (30)
- Iritani N, "Detection and genetic characterization of human enteric viruses in oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks between 2001 and 2012 in Osaka city, Japan", J. Med. Virol, 86, pp.2019~2025 (2014)
- Sutthikornchai C, "Oyster is an effective transmission vehicle for Cryptosporidium infection in human", Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med, 9, pp.562~566 (2016)
- Parveen S, "Seasonal and geographical differences in total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus levels in sseawater and oysters from the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays determined using several methods", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 86, pp.e01581-20~ (2020)
- Cheng PKC, "Norovirus contamination found in oysters worldwide", J. Med. Virol, 76, pp.593~597 (2005)
- Alfano-Sobsey E, "Norovirus outbreak associated with undercooked oysters and secondary household transmission", Epidemiol. Infect, 140, pp.276~282 (2012)
- Leclerc H, "Microbial agents associated with water-borne diseases", Crit. Rev. Microbiol, 28, pp.371~409 (2002)
- Noble RT, "Comparison of total coliform, fecal coliform, and enterococcus bacterial indicator response for ocean recreational water quality testing", Water Res, 37, pp.1637~1643 (2003)
- Bower PA, "Detection of genetic markers of fecal indicator bacteria in Lake Michigan and determination of their relationship to Escherichia coli densities using standard microbiological methods", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 71, pp.8305~8313 (2005)
- Farnleitner AH, "Escherichia coli and enterococci are sensitive and reliable indicators for human, livestock and wildlife faecal pollution in alpine mountainous water resources", J. Appl. Microbiol, 109, pp.1599~1608 (2010)
- Savichtcheva O, "Alternative indicators of fecal pollution : relations with pathogens and conventional indicators, current methodologies for direct pathogen monitoring and future application perspectives", Water Res, 40, pp.2463~2476 (2006)
- Giglio OG, "Enteric viruses and fecal bacteria indicators to assess groundwater quality and suitability for irrigation", Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, 14, pp.558~ (2017)
- Vinjé J, "Molecular detection and genotyping of male-specific coliphages by reverse transcription-PCR and reverse line blot hybridization", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 70, pp.5996~6004 (2004)
- Lee JE, "F+ RNA coliphage-based microbial source tracking in water resources of South Korea", Sci. Total Environ, 412-413, pp.127~131 (2011)
- Rezaeinejad S, "Surveillance of enteric viruses and coliphages in a tropical urban catchment", Water Res, 58, pp.122~131 (2014)
- Cho K, "Use of coliphages to investigate norovirus contamination in a shellfish growing area in Republic of Korea", Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int, 25, pp.30044~30055 (2018)
- Liang Z, "Impact of mixed land-use practices on the microbial water quality in a subtropical coastal watershed", Sci. Total Environ, 449, pp.426~433 (2013)
- Lee J, "Male-spcific and somatic coliphage profiles from major aquaculture areas in Republic of Korea", Food Environ. Virol, 12, pp.240~249 (2020)
- Pratt B, "Effects of land cover, topography, and built structure on seasonal water quality at multiple spatial scales", J. Hazard. Mater, 209-210, pp.48~58 (2012)
- Method 1602: male specific (F+) and somatic coliphage in water by single agar layer (SAL) procedure, "U. S. Environmental Protection Agency", Office of Water, ~ (2001)
- Ko HY, "Host-specific Bacteroides markers-based microbial source tracking in aquaculture areas", Microbes Environ, 33, pp.151~161 (2018)
- Official testing method with respect to water pollution process, "Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea", National Institute of Environmental Research, ~ (2023)
- "R: A language and environment for statistical computing" (2021)[URL]
- Shanks OC, "Basin-wide analysis of the dynamics of fecal contamination and fecal source identification in Tillamook Bay, Oregon", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 72, pp.5537~5546 (2005)
- Stea EC, "Fecal contamination in the surface waters of a rural-and an urban-source watershed", J. Environ. Qual, 44, pp.1556~1567 (2015)
- Lipp EK, "The effects of seasonal variability and weather on microbial fecal pollution and enteric pathogens in a subtropical estuary", Estuaries Coast, 24, pp.266~276 (2001)
- Jofre J, "Indicators of waterborne enteric viruses", Perspectives Med. Virol, 17, pp.227~249 (2007)
- Bertrand I, "The impact of temperature on the inactivation of enteric viruses in food and water : a review", J. Appl. Microbiol, 112, pp.1059~1074 (2012)
- Wetz JJ, "Presence, infectivity, and stability of enteric viruses in seawater : relationship to marine water quality in the Florida Keys", Mar. Pollut. Bull, 48, pp.698~704 (2004)
- Guibai L, "Flocculation and sedimentation of high-turbidity waters", Water Res, 35, pp.1137~1143 (1991)
- McMinn BR, "Concentration and quantification of somatic and F+ coliphages from recreational waters", J. Virol. Methods, 249, pp.58~65 (2017)