준거점 의존에 따른 묶음제품의 선호이행: 준거 제시와 할인가격제시방법을 통한 초점화 효과
Preference Reversals in Bundle Product Depending on Reference Point: Focus Effect Through Reference Point and Discounted Price Presentation
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본 연구는 소비자가 묶음제품에 대한 의사결정에 있어, 준거점 의존에 따라 효과적인 할인가격제시방법이 달라짐을 확인하고, 다른 평가 준거가 제시됨에 따라 선호가 이행됨을 밝히고자 한다. 구체적으로 묶음제품에서 주제품 혹은 부제품 중 어떠한 대상이 초점화를 통한 평가준거(판단의 기준점)가 되었는지에 따라 묶음제품 할인제시의 효과가 다르게 나타날 것이라고 가정하고, 이를 검증하였다. 실험 1에서는 묶음제품의 구성요소 중, 특정 대상에 대한평가준거의 제시가 할인가격제시조건에 따라 묶음제품 선호에 미치는 영향을 확인해보고자 하였으며, 주제품 준거를 제시한 조건에서는 부제품 할인이, 부제품을 준거를 제시한 조건에서는 주제품 할인이 효과적일 것이라 가정하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여, 135명의 참여자를 모집하여 묶음제품의 준거제시(주제품/부제품)와 할인가격제시방법(주제품 할인/부제품 할인)의 2x2 요인설계를 통해 실험을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 묶음제품내의 구성품 준거제시와 할인가격제시방법의 상호작용효과가 나타났다. 구체적으로, 주제품 준거제시 조건에서는 부제품 할인조건이, 부제품 준거제시 조건에서는 주제품 할인조건에서 더 높은 묶음제품 선호를 보였다. 실험 2에서는 실험 1의 결과를확장하여, 직접적인 준거제시 뿐만 아니라, 다른 비교대안을 통한 준거제시에 의해서도 동일한 결과가 나타나는지확인해보았다. 즉, 묶음제품 외의 다른 비교우위 주제품 대안을 준거로 제시하여 준거점에 의한 묶음제품 할인가격제시방법의 타당성을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여, 123명의 참여자를 대상으로 다른 비교우위 주제품의 준거제시 유무에 따라 묶음제품의 주제품 가치지각과 묶음제품의 구매의도, 그리고 비교우위 주제품의 준거제시유/무와 할인가격제시방법(주제품 할인/부제품 할인)이 묶음제품 구매의도에 미치는 효과를 확인하였다. 연구 결과,다른 비교우위 주제품 대안이 있는 조건이 없는 조건에 비하여 주제품의 가치지각과 묶음제품 구매의도가 낮았으며,비교우위 주제품의 준거제시 유/무와 할인가격제시방법이 묶음제품 구매의도에 미치는 상호작용효과를 확인할 수있었다. 구체적으로 다른 비교우위 주제품이 제시되는 조건에서는 주제품 할인이 묶음제품의 선호를 높였으며, 단독으로 평가하는 조건에서는 부제품 할인조건에 대한 선호가 높게 나타났다.
Abstract
This study aims to find out effective ways of presenting discounted price when it comes to bundle product. It assumes that preference of bundle product can be reversed depending on whether the reference point is on the focal product or tie-in product. In study1, the effect of reference point and discounted price presentation was examined. Specifically, it assumes when the focal product is presented as a reference, discounting tie-in product is more effect and when the tie-in product is presented as a reference, focal product discounting is more effective. In order to test this hypothesis, 135 participants were gathered and randomly distributed in the 2(focal product reference/tie-in product reference) X 2(focal product discounting/tie-in product discounting) experimental conditions. The result of study 1shows significant interaction between the reference point and the presentation of discounted price. It reveals that tie-in product discount is more effective when the reference is on the focal product, while focal product discount is more effective when the reference is on the tie-in product. In study 2, reference point was nor on the focal product or tie-in product of same bundle product rather it was on other superior product which belongs to same category of focal product in presented bundle product. To examine this, 123 participants were gathered and randomly assigned in the 2(reference product given/not given) X 2(focal product/tie-in product discounting)experimental conditions. The results reveals lower perceived product value and purchase intention of the bundle product in the condition where the superior product was present. It also shows significant interaction effect of the reference point and the discounted price presentation. It indicates that focal product discount is preferred when other superior product is presented while tie-in product discount is preferred when there is no superior product given as a reference. In current study, it provides the evidence for preference reversal due to how the price of bundle product is presented and it examined this by allowing participants to actually engage in evaluation of bundle product. While past research has focused mainly on independent evaluation of a single bundle product evaluation, or its dynamics when the value of one of the tie-in/focal was fixed, this study further investigates how people evaluate, whether depending on the focal or tie-in product, can also be important aspect. This study provides implication in various related fields. First, it contributes to the field of bundle product studies that people facing the decision making get influenced by what is presented as a reference point and by this presented reference point, it reveals that they tend to avoid potential loss. It suggests that,the consideration of reference point and evaluation context in further studies regarding the effective way of presenting the price of bundle product. Indeed, this result is in line with many research that in the context of decision making, how people put their reference point is crucial factor. Lastly, this study also provides practical implication to marketers by suggesting effective way of presenting the bundling product in both condition where the reference is in the focal or tie-in product. Also, further study might also consider consumer's own brand recognition and brand hierarchy with regards to price-presentation of bundle product as study 2 shows that people engage in different evaluation context depending on their own brand recognition and brand hierarchy.
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