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단일 감정 기부 광고와 혼합 감정 기부 광고의 효과에 대한 변증법적 사고의 조절 역할: 텍스트마이닝과 실험연구

The Moderating Role of Dialectic Thinking on the Effect of Emotions and Sequential Change in Emotion in Charity Ads: Through Text-mining and Lab Experiments

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주제분류경제학

초록

광고 속 감정은 사람들의 관심을 일으키고 제품과 광고에 대한 태도를 호의적으로 만들기 때문에 설득에 있어서 매우 효과적이다. 따라서 많은 기부 광고가 감정에 호소하여 소비자들의 친사회적 행동을 유발한다. 본 연구는 기부 광고 속 감정이 친사회적 행동에 미치는 영향을 실제 크라우드 펀딩 웹사이트에서 수집한 텍스트 자료의 분석과 두 개의 실험을 통하여 알아보았다. 연구 1에서는 실제 크라우드 펀딩 웹사이트의 기부 광고 텍스트를 분석하여, 단일 감정이 사용되었을 때에는 부정적인 감정(슬픔)을 활용하여 소구하는 것이 긍정적인 감정(행복)을 활용하는 것보다 모금액이 더 높음을 보였다. 또한, 기부 광고 텍스트에 감정의 순차적 변화가 있는 경우에는 기부 메시지가 긍정적인 감정에서 부정적인 감정으로 변하는 경우 부정적인 감정에서 긍정적인 감정으로 변하는 경우보다 모금액이 더 높음을 확인하였다. 연구 2와 3에서는 연구 1의 결과를 토대로 통제된 실험을 통해 (1) 단일 감정일 경우 부정적 감정이, 순차적 감정일 경우 긍정적 감정에서 부정적 감정으로 감정이 변하는 광고가 친사회적 행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다는 것과 (2) 이 관계를 공감과 관심이 매개한다는 것, (3) 그리고 이 때 작용하는 변증법적 사고의 조절효과를 확인하였다. 이때 변증법적 사고는 모호함에 대한 관용과 총체적 사고로 측정되었다. 구체적으로, 연구 2에서는 기부 광고의 배경 음악을 사용하여 긍정적 또는 부정적 감정을 유발하고 이에 따른 친사회적 행동의 정도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 부정적 감정이 공감을 매개로하여 친사회적 행동에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 모호함에 대한 관용이 높은 사람일수록 공감이 커짐을 확인하였다. 연구 3에서는 기부 광고 메시지의 내용을 긍정적 또는 부정적으로 조작하여 기부 메시지 내 순차적인 감정의 변화와 친사회적 행동과의 관계를 검증하였다. 그 결과 긍정적 감정에서 부정적 감정으로의 감정 변화를 내포한 기부 광고 메시지가 관심을 증폭시켜 친사회적 행동에 정(+)의 유의한 영향을 미치며, 이 때 총체적 사고가 높을수록 효과가 큰 조절효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 단일 감정으로는 슬픈 감정이, 감정의 변화가 있는 경우에는 행복한 감정에서 슬픈 감정으로 감정이 변화하는 기부 광고가 공감과 관심을 일으켜 친사회적 행동에 유의한 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 또한, 개인의 변증법적 사고가 슬픈 감정이 친사회적 행동에 미치는 영향에 조절효과를 가진다는 것을 증명하였고, 이를 기부 광고 메시지에 효과적으로 활용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Emotion embedded in advertising campaign brings out interests and generates favorable attitudes toward the featured products and advertising itself, which makes it an effective tool for persuasion. Thus, many charity advertisements use emotional appeal to induce the intended pro-social behavior. The current research examines the effect of simple emotional or sequentially emotional appeals on pro-social behavior using text-mining a field dataset collected from crowd-funding site and two experimental data from controlled lab-experiments. In Study 1, text-mining the charity advocacy posted on a crowd-funding site revealed that when the charity message appeals through a single emotion, negative emotion led to higher donation amount than positive emotion, whereas when the emotional appeal sequentially changes its valence, the charity message ending with negative emotion raised more funding than that ending with positive emotion. Through controlled lab-experiments, Study 2 and 3 further supported the findings from Study 1 by unveiling the mediators and moderators for the relationship between the effects of simple negative emotion and sequential change to negative emotion and pro-social behavior. Specifically, after eliciting negative or positive emotion using background music of charity advertisements, Study 2 looked at the emotion's impact on pro-social behaviors. The result showed that sadness (vs. happiness) induced more empathy as a mediator which in turn led to increased pro-social behavior. Participants with higher tolerance of ambiguity, the moderator, felt more empathy than those with lower tolerance of ambiguity when exposed to sad emotional stimuli. Study 3 manipulated sequential emotional change using the front end and the last end of the text in charity advertising message and investigated the effect of sequential change of emotion on pro-social behavior. As a result, emotional change from happiness to sadness (vs. sadness, happiness, or emotional change from sadness to happiness) induced concern (another measure of empathy used as a mediator in our study) which in turn significantly enhanced pro-social behavior. Study 3 also found the moderating effect of holistic thinking style, another measure of dialectic thinking in addition to the tolerance of ambiguity used in Study 2. The present research showed that sadness, when single emotional appeal is embedded in charity advocacy, or sad ending, when sequential emotional change is applied, elicited empathy and concern which in turn induced more pro-social behavior. In addition, this research found that individuals' dialectic thinking moderated the effect of sadness or sad ending on pro-social behavior, which provides managerial implications for funding managers to enhance persuasiveness of charity campaign.

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