비계획구매의 유형화에 관한 탐색적 연구 - 의류제품의 구매의사결정과정을 중심으로 -
An Exploratory Study Categorizing Types of Unplanned Buying-By Means of the Purchasing Decision-Making Process for Clothing Products
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초록
현대사회에서 빈번하게 발생하는 비계획구매는 충동구매와 동의어로 사용됨으로서 미성숙하고 낭비적인 구매행위로 간주되어왔다. 본 연구는 사전 구매 계획의 여부가 그 구매행위의 정당성을 판가름하는 기준이 되어서는 안 되며, 비계획구매 상황에서도 적절한 의사결정과정을 거치게 되면 구매의 질은 향상될 수 있다는 것을 보이고자 하였다. 그리하여 비계획구매시 소비자들의 구매의사결정과정에 관한 자료를 수집하여 합리적인 비계획구매와 그렇지 않은 비계획구매, 즉 충동구매로 구 분하고 이 두 가지 비계획구매 유형과 구매 후 만족도와의 관계를 알아보았다. 의류제품을 대상으로 비계획 구매의사결정과정에 관한 자료를 요인분석한 결과 비계획구매는 합리적 비계획구매, 이성적 충동구매, 감정적 충동구매로 구분되었다. 합리적 비계획구매는 구매결정이 긍정적인 이성적, 감정적 평가에 근거하여 이루어졌으며 충동구매는 이성적, 감정적 평가 중 어느 하나가 불완전한 상태에서 구매가 발생하였다. 이성적 충동구매는 감정적인 평가가 부정적인 상태에서 구매가 결정되었고, 감정적 충동구매는 이성적 평가 없이 감정적인 호감만으로 구매가 발생하였다. 두 가지 유형의 충동구매와 구매 후 만족도는 관련이 없거나 부적 상관관계를 나타내었고, 합리적 비계획구매와 구매 후 만족도는 정적 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하였고, 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Unplanned buying had been regarded as immature and wasteful buying pattern, because it had been used as a synonym for impulse buying. The purpose of this study was to distinguish reasonable unplanned buying from impulse buying by evaluating the consumers’ decision-making process and to demonstrate the correlation between two types of unplanned buying and the post-purchase satisfaction level. Survey data on the consumer decision-making process for clothing were collected and factor analysis was performed. The results revealed that unplanned buying falled into three categories: reasonable unplanned buying, rational impulse buying, and emotional impulse buying. Reasonable unplanned buying occurred when both rational and emotional evaluation were positive; Rational impulse buying occurred when there was positive rational evaluation and negative emotional evaluation; Emotional impulse buying occurred without rational evaluation but with positive emotional evaluation. The correlation between two types of impulse buying and post-purchase satisfaction level ranged from negative to insignificantly positive. However, the correlation between reasonable unplanned buying and post-purchase satisfaction level was significantly positive. Theoretical and practical implication of these findings were discussed. Also, limitations of this study and future research areas were proposed.
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