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방향성이 지닌 은유적 의미에 대한 소비자의 반응: 기업의 상황과 조절 초점의 상호작용에 의한 조절효과를 중심으로

How Metaphoric Meaning of Vertical Direction Impacts Consumer Evaluation: The Role of Compatibility between Company Situation and Regulatory Focus

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

수많은 기업광고들을 제공되는 커뮤니케이션 환경 속에서 적절한 이미지를 활용하여 메시지를 전달하는 것은 중요하다. 이와 함께 광고 이미지를 전달할 때, 소비자의 적절한 반응을 살펴보는 것 또한 중요하다. 본 연구는 광고 속 이미지가 가지는 의미, 특히 이미지의 방향성이 가지는 다양한 은유적 의미에 대한 소비자 반응에 주목하였다. 기존의 방향 이미지에 대한 연구들이 노력, 이동거리, 시간 등과 같은 비용적 관점에 초점을 두어 실험을 진행한 것과 더불어 본 연구에서는 방향 이미지가 상황적 맥락에 따라 진취적, 열정적 성향과 관련한 의미를 내포하고 있을 수 있음을 제안하였다. 또한 이렇게 다양한 의미 해석이 기업평가에 미치는 영향력은 기업의 상황적 성격과 소비자의 동기적 성향(조절 초점)의 상호작용에 의해 조절된다는 것을 검증하고, 정보처리의 수월성(processing fluency)을 매개변수로 제안하며, 심리적 메커니즘을 살펴보았다. 실험 1의 결과, 향상 목표가 적합한 수출상황 하에서 향상초점 소비자들은 광고 화살표 이미지가 상향일 때, 하향일 때와 비교하여 기업에 대해 더 호의적인 평가를 한 반면, 예방초점 소비자들은 화살표 이미지 방향에 따른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 반면, 예방적 목표가 적합한 수입 상황에서는 예방초점 소비자들이 광고 화살표 이미지가 하향일 때, 상향일 때와 비교하여 기업에 대한 평가를 더 호의적으로 하였고, 향상초점 소비자는 화살표 이미지 방향에 따른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이 결과는 이미지의 방향성, 기업의 상황적 성격과 소비자의 조절 초점 성향의 3원 상호작용으로 검증되었다. 실험 2를 통하여 실험 1의 결과를 다시 한 번 반복하여 확인하였고, 이러한 효과가 정보처리 수월성에 의해 매개된다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 동일한 이미지 정보가 다양한 은유적 의미를 내포할 수 있음을 보이며, 이에 대한 해석 및 효과가 소비자가 처한 상황적인 맥락과 조절 초점과 같은 동기적 요소에 따라 조절 될 수 있음을 검증하여 기존 연구를 좀 더 다양한 관점으로 확장했다고 할 수 있다. 또한 실제로 여러 마케팅 커뮤니케이션 상황에서 다양하게 활용될 수 있는 이미지의 활용 근거를 제공하며 구체적인 전략 수립에 대한 실무적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

As Consumer are bombarded with marketing information, a company's need to provide an appropriate image in their communication message is ever mounting in today's market place. In line with this trend, the current research examines consumers‘ responses to metaphorical meanings contained in advertising images, particularly, images with vertical direction. Past research has mainly focused on the potential impact of metaphoric expression of vertical direction on consumer perception of costs (e.g., time and efforts required to reach the place). Building on this stream of research the present study suggests that the vertical direction of the image presented in the advertising message can activate consumers' attitudinal orientation of the company, thus affecting their overall evaluation of the company. Specifically, I propose that when a company’s situation reflects promotion (prevention) focus attitudinal orientation, the image in upward (vs. downward) direction will produce a greater fit, resulting in a more favorable company evaluation. Furthermore, I propose that the company situation-image fit effect interacts with consumers‘ regulatory orientation due to information processing fluency. Consumers with high promotion (prevention) focus displayed higher sensitivity to situation-image fit/misfit when the company’s situation reflected promotion (prevention) orientation than prevention (promotion) orientation. We test the proposed effect in two laboratory studies with four advertisement images that vary in vertical direction and situation context. In both studies, more favorable company evaluations were garnered when there were fit among the situation, image, and the regulatory focus of the consumers. Study 2 provides evidence that this effect is mediated by the processing fluency. This study shows different metaphoric meanings associated with vertical directional images and their interaction with situational contexts and consumer self-regulatory focus. It also provides practical implication as to how marketers can design an effective communication message by incorporating company's situations described in the message and the self-regulatory characteristics of their target consumers.

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