리테일 매장 주문결제 키오스크 사용의 결정요인: 개인적, 인지적, 환경적 요인을 중심으로
Personal, Cognitive, and Environmental Determinants of Consumer Intention to Use Self-Ordering Kiosks in Retail Stores
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초록
본 연구에서는 소비자 행동의 역동적인 특성을 더욱 잘 설명하기 위해 사회인지 이론을 기반으로 하여, 소비자의인지적 요인, 개인적 요인, 그리고 환경적 요인이 리테일 매장 주문결제 키오스크를 사용하고자 하는 의도에 어떤영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 리테일 매장 주문결제 키오스크 사용 의도에 영향을 미치는 결정요인 중 개인적요인으로는 기술불안감과 동기부여된 소비자 혁신성을, 인지적 요인으로는 주문결제 키오스크 사용에 대한 자기효능감과 주문결제 키오스크 사용 결과에 대한 기대를, 그리고 환경적 또는 상황적 요인으로는 지각된 대기자의 수를설정하였다. 마케팅 리서치 기관이 보유한 패널 중 최근 6개월 이내에 주문결제 키오스크를 사용해 본 경험이 있는만 19세 이상 소비자를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 총 321부의 응답을 확보하였다. 선행연구에서 이미 사용된 설문 문항을 활용하여 측정 도구를 구성하였으며, 연구 모형 상의 요인들 간의 인과관계를파악하기 위해 구조방정식모형 분석을 시행하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 연구 가설은 대부분 성립하는 것으로 나타났으며, 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술불안감은 주문결제 키오스크 사용에 관한 자기효능감에 부정적인영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 동기부여된 소비자 혁신성은 주문결제 키오스크 사용에 관한 자기효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 주문결제 키오스크 사용에 관한 자기효능감은 주문결제 키오스크 사용결과에 관한 성과 기대, 자기평가 기대, 사회적 기대에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 주문결제 키오스크 사용 결과에 관한 성과 기대와 자기평가 기대는 주문결제 키오스크 사용 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 하지만, 사회적기대가 주문결제 키오스크 사용 의도에 미치는 영향은 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 지각된 대기자의 수는 주문결제 키오스크 사용 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 학문적 시사점과 실무적 시사점을 제시하였으며, 또한 연구의 한계점과 후속 연구 방안에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Based on the social cognitive theory that has been widely applied to better explain the dynamic characteristics of consumer behavior, we aimed to identify consumers’ personal, cognitive, and environmental factors that affect their intentions to use self-ordering kiosks at retail stores. We incorporated technology anxiety and motivated consumer innovativeness as personal factors, kiosk self-efficacy and outcome expectations related to using self-ordering kiosks as cognitive factors, and the perceived number of consumers waiting in line for using kiosks as environmental factors in the conceptual model. In the conceptual model, these personal, cognitive, and environmental factors were expected to determine consumers' intentions to use self-ordering kiosks. An online survey was conducted for the present study through randomly selected respondents who were members of a consumer panel maintained by a marketing research company. Of these, only members who had used self-ordering kiosks within the last six months participated in the survey. A total of 321 responses were obtained for data analysis. Measurement items for this study were developed based on the items used in previous studies and structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. Overall, the results from this study mostly supported the proposed hypotheses. First, technology anxiety had a negative effect on kiosk self-efficacy while motivated consumer innovativenss had a positive effect on kiosk self-efficacy. second, kiosk self-efficacy beliefs led consumers to expect positive performance-related, self-evaluative, and social outcomes from using self-ordering kiosks. Third, as we hypothesized, performance-related and self-evaluated outcome expectations were positively related to consumer intentions to use self-ordering kiosks. However, the effect of social outcome expectations was not significant. Lastly, the perceived number of consumers waiting in line for using kiosks did not show a significant effect on consumer intentions to use self-ordering kiosks. Based on the results from this study, we suggested theoretical and managerial implications, and concluded with the study’s imitations and directions for future study.
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