李白의 「古風」에 대한 조선 문인의 인식과 수용 양상 연구

Abstract

This study examines how the literati in the Joseon Dynasty perceived Li Bai(李白)'s 「Gufeng(古風)」, and the changes in their perceptions over time and the patterns of literary acceptance of it. Li Bai's 「Gufeng」 is a combined poetry that composed of 59 pieces of five words ancient poems(五言古詩), and in terms of contents, it can be regarded as a culmination of the 'Yong Huai' poetry(詠懷詩) of the previous era since it includes expression of inner thoughts(詠懷), allegorical figurations(諷諭), historical narratives(詠史) and longing for the world of shen hsien(遊仙). Furthermore, it shows that the scope of materials is expanded by adding the contents of the border area(邊塞) which began to be popular during the Flourishing age of Tang Dynasty(盛唐). Li Bai set forth his views through 「Gufeng」: not only claiming to support restoration, criticizing the unreasonable social reality, expressing his own literary values, political aspirations and willingness to pursue the ideal, but also lamenting the miserable situation such as having no favorable opportunity for the talented(懷才不遇). In our country, Li Bai's 「Gufeng」 began to be recognized in earnest during the late 16th and the first half of 17th century by the writers who were pursuing the poetic style of the Flourishing age of Tang Dynasty, and those related to the rise of composing ancient poems. Lim Jeon(任錪), a representative writer who revered Li bai, composed 7 pieces of 「Gufeng」 with the figuration of his inner feelings, but he did not use the rhyming words of the original poems. The positive perception of 「Gufeng」 was made by Lee Ik(李瀷) in the 18th century, while some writers who were enthusiastic about Zhuzi(朱子)'s poetics had a negative view of it. Thus, in the 18th century, when there was a very conflicting understanding about 「Gufeng」, Kim Si-bin(金始鑌) and Yu Eon-sul(兪彦述) created literary works which were composed in accordance with the whole rhyming words of 59 pieces of 「Gufeng」. Kim Si-bin wrote 「Libaigufengchaun(李白古風次韻)」, which was a serial poems of 60 pieces by using the rhyming words in 「Gufeng」. In this, he expressed the sense of great distance that came from situation where he could not participate in real politics, willingness to be free from conventionality, grief and indignation, but at the same time, he revealed harsh criticism of a party strife to overcome his realistic gap, the emotion of patriotism and longing for a king, relentless determination of seeking for the truth, and love for the people. Yu Eon-sul wrote 「Yeongsachalibaiosibgusu(咏史次李白五十九首)」, which was historical poems(詠史詩) made by using of rhyming words in 「Gufeng」 as well as choosing several important events in Chinese history from ancient times to the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, his profound knowledge and view of Chinese history could be seen in it.