과학에서 식인으로 - 루쉰의 「조인술」 번역과 잠복된 야만의 서사
From Science to Cannibalism: Lu Xun’s “Technique for Creating Humans” and the Cultural Discourse of Barbarism
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This essay examines Lu Xun’s translation of English-language science fiction and the way his criticism of modern science cleared a path for his devotion to literature. Science, as a means of delivering China out of national crisis, eventually led Lu Xun to commit himself to moral and psychological renewal. “Technique for Creating Humans” (1906) demands a reading beyond the transformed body: in Lu Xun’s text, a chemist is overjoyed as if he himself had become God after successfully creating humans. In Louise J. Strong’s original “An Unscientific Story” (1903), however, the scientist becomes fearful after realizing that he actually created monsters devoid of humanity. The created humans practice cannibalism, which testifies to contemporary worries over scientific accomplishments. This motif of cannibalism is further observable in Lu Xun’s first short story “A Madman’s Diary” (1918), which criticizes Chinese civilization and reflects his lifelong mission of renovating the national character. At the beginning of the 20th century, the rise of modern science did not eradicate barbarism. Modern criticisms of distinct cultures for barbaric practices sometimes revealed different forms of barbarism. For example, Meiji Japan’s criticism of Chinese cannibalism emerged from a recognition of domestic cannibalism. In addition, Western concepts of the “Yellow Peril” were accompanied by imperialist invasions and haunted by memories of a medieval past. Lu Xun recognized the widespread barbarism; but he feared that China would use brutality as a means to enhance national pride. Overall, Lu Xun’s translation of science fiction explains his transition from science to literature, which eventually led to his formation of the May Fourth cultural criticism and his criticism of babarism in human civilization.
Abstract
This essay examines Lu Xun’s translation of English-language science fiction and the way his criticism of modern science cleared a path for his devotion to literature. Science, as a means of delivering China out of national crisis, eventually led Lu Xun to commit himself to moral and psychological renewal. “Technique for Creating Humans” (1906) demands a reading beyond the transformed body: in Lu Xun’s text, a chemist is overjoyed as if he himself had become God after successfully creating humans. In Louise J. Strong’s original “An Unscientific Story” (1903), however, the scientist becomes fearful after realizing that he actually created monsters devoid of humanity. The created humans practice cannibalism, which testifies to contemporary worries over scientific accomplishments. This motif of cannibalism is further observable in Lu Xun’s first short story “A Madman’s Diary” (1918), which criticizes Chinese civilization and reflects his lifelong mission of renovating the national character. At the beginning of the 20th century, the rise of modern science did not eradicate barbarism. Modern criticisms of distinct cultures for barbaric practices sometimes revealed different forms of barbarism. For example, Meiji Japan’s criticism of Chinese cannibalism emerged from a recognition of domestic cannibalism. In addition, Western concepts of the “Yellow Peril” were accompanied by imperialist invasions and haunted by memories of a medieval past. Lu Xun recognized the widespread barbarism; but he feared that China would use brutality as a means to enhance national pride. Overall, Lu Xun’s translation of science fiction explains his transition from science to literature, which eventually led to his formation of the May Fourth cultural criticism and his criticism of babarism in human civilization.
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