헌법상 정보 프라이버시로서 ‘잊혀질 권리’
“The Right to Be Forgotten” as the Information Privacy in Constitutional Law
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‘잊혀질 권리’의 헌법적 근거는 인간의 존엄과 가치와 행복추구권(제10조), 광의의 정보프라이버시 권리(제17조)에서 찾을 수 있다. 반면에 표현의 자유(제21조)와 충돌을 어떻게 해결할 것인지가 문제이다. 미국법은 표현의 자유를 우월한 기본권으로 인정하기 때문에 뉴스가치의 상실이나 계약법에 의한 정보주체의 동의 철회에 엄격한 법적 요건을 요한다. 그러나 유럽연합은 ‘잊혀질 권리’는 인격권으로 인정하지만, 그 내용은 개인정보법의 개선에 실질적인 기여할 수 없다. 왜냐하면 그 개념이 너무 모호해서 새로운 기본권의 목적이 더 명확히 해야 하기 때문이다. 다행히 프랑스는 ‘잊혀질 권리’의 특별한 행위규범을 제시하였다. 따라서 ‘잊혀질 권리’의 적용범위와 집행절차 그리고 보호법익의 요건과 한계를 보충하여야 한다. 물론 ‘잊혀질 권리’는 정보주체의 자주성(정보자기통제권)에 근거하여 정보보호원칙을 적용해야 한다. 부가하여 정보책임의 메커니즘을 도입하고, 정보감사절차도 확립되어야 한다. 따라서 ‘잊혀질 권리’의 한계에 대하여 법적 대응조치보다는 기술적 조치들이 유효하고 효율적이다. 결국 현행 개인정보보호법 아래에서 ‘잊혀질 권리’의 행사를 위해서는 정보주체와 정보객체의 요건이 불비하고 동시에 절차상으로 정보보호원칙의 예외와 입증책임의 문제가 제기된다. 적어도 ‘잊혀질 권리’는 헌법에 부합하는 개인정보보호법을 개정하거나 또는 별도의 입법으로 해결되어야 한다.
Abstract
‘The Right to be Forgotten’ would be based on the Basic Human Rights which are applied to the Right of the Personality of 10 clause and the right of Information Privacy of 17 clause in Constitution, but how can it settle the collision at the freedom of speech. American Law ask for the rigid legal requirement for withdrawal of rightholder's consent in according to contract law and without newsworthiness, because freedom of speech has been taken into consideration of more important than any other rights. However EU has rendered the Right to be Forgotten as the right of human personality, the Right cannot contribute to an improvement of data protection law. Because of the concept is probably too vague to be establish, a clearer picture of the objective of a new fundamental right is necessary. Fortunately, France proposed by more specific codes of conduct on the right to be Forgotten in 2010. The Right must be complemented with legal instrument of the range of application and enforcement procedure and requirement and limit of legal benefit of protection. The right to be Forgotten should apply data protection principles on the basis of the acknowledgement of data rightholder's autonomy, in addition to the mechanism for information accountability needs to be introduced and procedure of information audit should be established. Therefore it would enable technical measures to be introduced more workable and efficient than legal instruments on the limit of the Right to be Forgotten. Consequently, it is insufficient to apply the requirements of data holder and data object in according to the existing personal data protection act, as well as there happen to those problems as the exception of data protection principles and burden of evidence in the sense of legal procedure terms. The right to be forgotten must be achieved by the revision of personal data protection act or by additional more specific codes of conduct on social network and search engine. corresponding with Constitutional law.
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