美日同盟对华指向性的现状、分歧与前景: 以规则、规范、实践为视角的分析
Current Status, Differences and Prospects of the U.S.-Japan Alliance’s Orientation toward China: Analysis from the perspective of ‘rules’, ‘norm’, and ‘practice’
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美日同盟合作正呈现出新的发展态势，本文主要基于自由制度主义理论视角，从规则、规范以及实践三个层面探查美日同盟合作的对华新指向。21世纪以来，全球经济中心向亚太地区转移，中国综合实力不断提升，在此背景下，美日同盟在规则、规范与实践三个维度进行了战略调整，逐渐显现出对华指向性。 在规则层面，中国因素频繁出现在美日同盟的联合声明与防卫指针等文件中，成为了制度化协作的重要内容。在规范层面，双方围绕遏制中国崛起达成战略共识，并通过共同威胁认知形成了同盟规范。 在实践层面，美日同盟成为遏制中国的关键工具。 研究显示，尽管美日同盟在对华合作中存在威胁感知与政策取向的分歧，但在中美战略竞争加剧以及特朗普即将二次执政的背景下，美日同盟合作的对华指向性仍将持续并深化。本文将结合制度主义视角，分析美日同盟的对华战略走向, 为理解同盟的演变与合作提供新视角。
Abstract
Based on the theory of liberal institutionalism, this paper explores the new direction of US-Japan alliance cooperation in China from three aspects: rules, norms and practice. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the global economic center has shifted to the Asia-Pacific region, and China’s comprehensive strength has been continuously improving. Under this background, the US-Japan alliance has carried out strategic adjustments in three dimensions: rules, norms and practices, and its directivity toward China has gradually emerged. At the rule level, the China factor frequently appears in documents such as the joint statement and defense guidelines of the US-Japan alliance, which has become an important part of institutionalized cooperation. At the normative level, the two sides have reached a strategic consensus on containing China’s rise, and have formed alliance norms through common threat cognition. On a practical level, the US-Japan alliance has become a key tool for containing China. The research shows that despite the differences in threat perception and policy orientation of the US-Japan alliance in cooperation with China, the China-oriented orientation of US-Japan alliance cooperation will continue and deepen under the background of the intensification of Sino-US strategic competition and the upcoming second term of Trump. This paper will analyze the strategic direction of the US-Japan alliance towards China from the perspective of institutionalism, and provide a new perspective for understanding the evolution and cooperation of the alliance.
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