중국의 부상과 미‧일동맹 : 상호인식과 전략 및 쟁점을 중심으로
China’s Rise and U.S.-Japan Alliance : mutual perception, strategies and issues
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초록
중국은 지난 한 세대 동안의 역동적인 성장세에 힘입어 오늘날 국내총생산(GDP) 기준으로 세계 제2의 경제로 부상하였다. 중국은 이러한 성장을 바탕으로 최근 수 년 간에 걸쳐 정치·군사적 영향력을 확대함으로써 역내 질서 변화를 시도하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 시도는 중국의 행태를 견제하고자 하는 역내 주요 세력들과의 관계에서 새로운 긴장을 조성하고 있으며, 이에 따라 동아시아 지역 정세의 불확실성 또한 증대되고 있다. 따라서 이 글은 중국의 부상이 동아시아 지역 질서에 부여하는 의미와 함께 중국의 공세적 행동을 억제하기 위해 역내의 또 다른 두 주요 행위자인 미국과 일본이 동맹 구조 내에서 취해온 조치 및 이에 대한 중국의 반응을 상호작용적 관점에서 분석하고 있다. 이로부터 이 글은 중국의 부상과 세력 투사에 대응하기 위해 미국과 일본이 동맹에 기반을 둔 공조를 강화해 오고 있고, 중국 또한 공세적 태도를 견지함으로써 갈등이 고조되고 있지만 3국 모두 그것이 파국적 국면으로 비화되는 선택은 하지 않을 것으로 결론짓고 있다.
Abstract
China has emerged as the second largest economy by Gross Domestic Product owing to dynamic growth for a generation. She now tries to change the regional order by increasing her political and military influence based on such growth. But such an attempt is creating new tension with other major regional powers who are seeking to contain China’s uncontrolled behavior. It accordingly increases uncertainty of the East Asian regional situation. In this regard, this paper analyzes the action taken by the U.S. and Japan in the alliance system to deter China’s aggressive actions and China’s response from the point of interaction, along with the implication which China’s rise provides to the East Asian regional order. After scrutinizing the issues, the writer concludes that any countries concerned would not make extreme choices to the extent that ongoing conflict would eventually drive the region into catastrophe, even though the conflict runs high because of the reinforcement of collaboration between the U.S. and Japan based on the alliance to confront China’s power projection with her rise and China's adherence to assertive stance on major issues.
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