Perception of loanwords: phonetics, frequency and spelling norms
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Korean listeners are predicted to hear unaspirated sounds as unaspirated; however, they produce unaspirated loan sounds, e.g. English stop allophones, as aspirated. This discrepancy between prediction and production leads to questions: (i) Do Koreans in fact hear the unaspirated English sounds as aspirated sounds? (ii) Do Koreans always map the voiceless stops in English loans to aspirated stops, giving up their native three-way distinction? The results of the two experiments I conducted show that Koreans can hear unaspirated sounds as unaspirated and can map as such. They rely on the phonetic cue, VOT, in distinguishing the glottal properties. However, the spelling norms that require all the voiceless stops in loans to be written as aspirated can interfere with the phonetic cue, particularly when sounds from a foreign language are heard and used frequently enough to baffle the confidence in the phonetic cue. What is found in this paper can be better accounted for by the perceptual approach in that phonetics plays a major role in the loan adaptation. However, this approach cannot be perfect without taking account of such other factors as the spelling norms and type/token frequency of loanwords which affect the process of perception. The spelling norms are conditioned by the frequency of loans, through which they interfere with the phonetic cue.
Abstract
Korean listeners are predicted to hear unaspirated sounds as unaspirated; however, they produce unaspirated loan sounds, e.g. English stop allophones, as aspirated. This discrepancy between prediction and production leads to questions: (i) Do Koreans in fact hear the unaspirated English sounds as aspirated sounds? (ii) Do Koreans always map the voiceless stops in English loans to aspirated stops, giving up their native three-way distinction? The results of the two experiments I conducted show that Koreans can hear unaspirated sounds as unaspirated and can map as such. They rely on the phonetic cue, VOT, in distinguishing the glottal properties. However, the spelling norms that require all the voiceless stops in loans to be written as aspirated can interfere with the phonetic cue, particularly when sounds from a foreign language are heard and used frequently enough to baffle the confidence in the phonetic cue. What is found in this paper can be better accounted for by the perceptual approach in that phonetics plays a major role in the loan adaptation. However, this approach cannot be perfect without taking account of such other factors as the spelling norms and type/token frequency of loanwords which affect the process of perception. The spelling norms are conditioned by the frequency of loans, through which they interfere with the phonetic cue.
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