Three types of laryngeal feature adaptation in Korean secondhand loanwords
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Abstract
Three types of “secondhand” loanwords are available in Korean, resulted from the intervention of mediating languages before reaching Korean. Type 1 is involved with the Chinese written texts and others. Type 2 is created by the mediation of Japanese. Type 3 is made available by the dominance of English in the present era. Regarding Type 1, we contend that double factors are involved in the determination, that is, Chinese transliteration conventions applicable to Western proper nouns and the lexical or token frequency of concerned words. On the second type of secondhand loanwords, one of our findings is that the oppositions established at the first source languages resist the neutralization. The other is that the approximation between acoustic cues like VOT between interacting languages is crucial to decide the ultimate output. And variations often occur due to the closeness of relevant phonetic cues. On type 3, it comes to the idea that the status of English as international language deeply affects the situation and alongside VOT, other acoustic cues are likely to be involved in the adaptation process. Our position towards the intervention of underlying and surface structure integral to donor languages lends support to the compromising position of Kang (2003) and Kenstowicz (2005), refuting the extremists like Silverman (1992) and LaCharité and Paradis (2005).
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