Loanword phonology and learnability: A case from North Kyungsang Korean
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Abstract
The appearance of a falling tone in loan monosyllabic words of North Kyungsang Korean is an emergent pattern because a falling tone is rarely found in the native words of the language. I attempt to account for the tone of monosyllabic loanwords within the framework of OT and show that the constraint rankings for native and loan words are not the same. This raises the question of how the constraint rankings for loanword grammar are learned by speakers. Regarding learnability, Shinohara (2004) hypothesized that emergent patterns of loanwords follow from the default constraint rankings inherited from the initial stages of language acquisition that remain latent in the mature grammar. I test Shinohara’s hypothesis by exploring monosyllabic data from child speech of North Kyungsang Korean. I find that monosyllables in child language tend to have a falling tone like loan monosyllabic words. I argue that the fact that loan and child monosyllabic words exhibit similar tone patterns supports Shinohara’s hypothesis, which suggests that Universal Grammar be the source of the loanword grammar as well as the child language grammar.
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