Laryngeal features for Korean obstruents revisited
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Abstract
It is generally assumed that the three-way lexical distinction of Korean obstruents is charac-terized by two laryngeal features – [spread glottis] and [constricted glottis]. Lax obstruents have been regarded as unmarked with no laryngeal feature, whereas tense and aspirated counterparts have the marked features of [+constricted glottis] and [+spread glottis], respectively (Ahn 1983, Sohn 1987, and Kim 1987). However, Halle and Stevens (1971) and Ladefoged and Maddieson (1996) point out that the stiff vocal cords are attributed to a number of distinctive phonetic properties of Korean tense obstruents. Besides, Iverson (1983) demonstrates how the stiff vocal cords is necessary for the characterization of Korean /s/. In line with those phonetic theories, a recent psycholinguistic study by Kang (2004) found that there exists asymmetry in manipulating laryngeal mechanisms with the highest variations for the lax, intermediate for the aspirated, and the least for the tense. The unproductive and restricted slips for the tense hints that a tense be involved with a different type of laryngeal setting other than the size of glottis. Kang’s slips data showing unusual interactions between /s/ and /ch/ also corroborate the claim by Iverson (1983) and Kang (2000) that Korean /s/ is a lax but aspirated. Moreover, the active interactions between a tense and aspirated obstruent also imply that the fortis be grouped together with the shared feature [+stiff vocal cords]. Therefore, based on prior phonetic accounts and psycholinguistic evidence, I suggest that [stiff vocal cord] needs to be defined in the representation of Korean obstruents for the optimal characterization of the tense in particular and laxness in general.
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