번역 과정의 휴지 양상 고찰—전문가와 학생의 휴지 빈도 및 길이를 중심으로
Differences of Pauses Between Professional and Student Translators:Focusing on Frequency and Duration
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Pauses, used widely to examine cognitive efforts and translation difficulties in process-oriented translation studies, have rarely been addressed in South Korean translation studies. Against this background, this study sets out to investigate differences in pauses between professionals and students, focusing on the frequency and duration of pauses above 5 seconds during the drafting phase. For this purpose, five professional translators and five students were asked to translate two texts from Korean to English, and their translation process was recorded with screen recording (Camtasia) and keystroke logging (Translog) programs. According to analysis results, students paused more frequently than professionals, irrespective of searching, even in sentences where professionals rarely paused. Particularly, two professionals showed a considerably small number of pauses, though such pattern was not observed in the student group. In terms of drafting and pausing time, students spent more time in drafting and pausing. The total pausing time with searching activities was unsurprisingly higher in the student group, but interestingly, two students were found with a larger amount of unfilled pauses in the first text. More than 80% of pauses were below 20 seconds for both professionals and students, but students had more pauses below 10 seconds. All in all, these findings revealed notable differences in pauses of students and professional translators, pointing to the need of further research into pauses as a behavioral reflection of cognitive efforts in translation process.
Abstract
Pauses, used widely to examine cognitive efforts and translation difficulties in process-oriented translation studies, have rarely been addressed in South Korean translation studies. Against this background, this study sets out to investigate differences in pauses between professionals and students, focusing on the frequency and duration of pauses above 5 seconds during the drafting phase. For this purpose, five professional translators and five students were asked to translate two texts from Korean to English, and their translation process was recorded with screen recording (Camtasia) and keystroke logging (Translog) programs. According to analysis results, students paused more frequently than professionals, irrespective of searching, even in sentences where professionals rarely paused. Particularly, two professionals showed a considerably small number of pauses, though such pattern was not observed in the student group. In terms of drafting and pausing time, students spent more time in drafting and pausing. The total pausing time with searching activities was unsurprisingly higher in the student group, but interestingly, two students were found with a larger amount of unfilled pauses in the first text. More than 80% of pauses were below 20 seconds for both professionals and students, but students had more pauses below 10 seconds. All in all, these findings revealed notable differences in pauses of students and professional translators, pointing to the need of further research into pauses as a behavioral reflection of cognitive efforts in translation process.
참고문헌 (35)
- 이지연, "일본인 한국어 학습자의 모국어-한국어 번역 과정 연구", Foreign Languages Education, 25(2), pp.189~207 (2018), 한국외국어교육학회[DOI]
- Angelone, Erik, "Translation and Cognition", pp.17~40 (2010), John Benjamins
- Alves, Fabio, "Probing the Unit of Translation in Time: Aspects of the Design and Development of a Web Application for Storing, Annotating, and Querying Translation Process Data", Across Languages and Cultures, 10(2), pp.251~273 (2009)
- Baaijen, Veerle M, "Keystroke Analysis: Reflections on Procedures and Measures", Written Communication, 29(3), pp.246~277 (2012)
- Couto-Vale, Daniel, "Empirical Modelling of Translation and Interpreting", pp.209~237 (2017), Language Science Press
- Dimitrova, Birgitta Englund, "Expertise and Explicitation in the Translation Process" (2005), John Benjamins
- Dragsted, Barbara, "Segmentation in Translation: Differences across Levels of Expertise and Difficulty’", Target, 17(1), pp.49~70 (2005)
- Dragsted, Barbara, "Looking at Eyes: Eye-Tracking Studies of Reading and Translation Processing", Samfundslitteratur, pp.9~29 (2008)
- Dragsted, Barbara, "Methodology, Technology and Innovation in Translation Process Research", pp.293~317 (2009), Samfundslitteratur
- Dragsted, Barbara, "Translation and Cognition", pp.41~62 (2010), John Benjamins
- Göpferich, Susanne, "New Approaches in Translation Process Research Copenhagen Studies in Language 39", pp.5~52 (2010), Samfundslitteratur
- Immonen, Sini, "Translation as a Writing Process: Pauses in Translation versus Monolingual Text Production’", Target, 18(2), pp.313~336 (2006)
- Immonen, Sini, "Unravelling the Processing Units of Translation", Across Languages and Cultures, 12(2), pp.235~257 (2011)
- Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke, "Triangulating Translation: Perspectives in Process Oriented Research", pp.69~95 (2003), John Benjamins
- Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke, "Researching Cognitive Processes of Translation", pp.71~108 (2019), Springer
- Jensen, Astrid, "The Effects of Time on Cognitive Processes and Strategies in Translation", Doctor, pp.2001
- Koehn, Philipp, "A Process Study of Computed Aided Translation", Machine Translation, 23(4), pp.241~263 (2009)
- Kruger, Haidee, "What’s Happening When Nothing’s Happening? Combining Eyetracking and Keylogging to Explore Cognitive Processes during Pauses in Translation Production", Across Languages and Cultures, 17(1), pp.25~52 (2016)
- Kumpulainen, Minna, "On the Operationalisation of ‘Pauses’ in Translation Process Research", Translation & Interpreting, 7(1), pp.47~58 (2015)
- Lacruz, Isabel, "Average Pause Ratio as an Indicator of Cognitive Effort in Post-editing: A Case Study", Proceedings of the AMTA 2012 Workshop on Post-Editing Technology and Practice, pp.21~30 (2012), AMTA
- Lacruz, Isabel, "Post-editing of Machine Translation: Processes and Applications", pp.244~272 (2014), Cambridge Scholars Publishing
- Massey, Gary, "Methods in Writing Process Research", pp.81~98 (2014), Peter Lang
- Muñoz Martín, Ricardo, "Fascinatin’ Rhythm – and Pauses in Translators’ Cognitive Processes", Hermes: Journal of Language & Communication in Business, 57, pp.29~47 (2018)
- Muñoz Martín, Ricardo, "Translating in Fits and Starts: Pause Thresholds and Roles in the Research of Translation Processes", Perspectives, 27(4), pp.525~551 (2019)
- O’Brien, Sharon, "Pauses as Indicators of Cognitive Effort in Post-editing Machine Translation Output", Across Languages and Cultures, 7(1), pp.1~21 (2006)
- PACTE, "Investigating Translation Competence: Conceptual and Methodological Issues", Meta, 50(2), pp.609~619 (2005)
- Rosa, Rusdi Noor, "Pauses by Student and Professional Translators in Translation Process’", Translation Studies, 1(6), pp.18~28 (2018)
- Schaeffer, Moritz, "Measuring Cognitive Translation Effort with Activity Units", Baltic J. Modern Computing, 4(2), pp.331~345 (2016)
- Schilperoord, Joost, "It’s About Time: Temporal Aspects of Cognitive Processes in Text Production" (1996), Rodopi
- Sun, Sanjun, "Researching Cognitive Processes of Translation, New Frontiers in Translation Studies", pp.139~168 (2019), Springer
- Timarová, Sárka, "Methods and Strategies of Process Research: Integrative Approaches in Translation Studies", pp.121~146 (2011), John Benjamins
- Wengelin, Asa, "Computer Keystroke Logging: Methods and Applications", pp.107~130 (2006), Elsevier
- Whyatt, Bogusława, "Testing Indicators of Translation Expertise in an Intralingual Task", Hermes, pp.63~78 (2018)
- Yamada, Masaru, "A Study of the Translation Process through Translators’ Interim Products", Interpreting and Translation Studies, 9, pp.159~176 (2009)
- Yildiz, Mehmet, "How Do Translation Students’ Cognitive Efforts Vary? - An Answer in Consideration of Pauses", Journal of Education and Practice, 11(2), pp.48~55 (2020)