소매 업체로서 소비자협동조합의 진화와 혁신에 관한 연구: 소매업 진화이론의 관점에서 영국의 Co-op 사례를 중심으로
Innovation and Evolution of the Consumer Co-operatives as a Retailing Company With Special Reference to British Consumer Co-operatives
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이 논문은 소비자협동조합을 소매 유통 업체의 측면에서 분석한 연구이다. 소비자협동조합을 시장에서 경쟁하는 일반 소매 유통 업체의 하나로 보고 소매 업태의 진화와 혁신의 관점에서 소비자협동조합의 진화과정을 조망한 것이다. 소비자협동조합은 일반 기업과 다른 조직적 특수성을 가지고 있지만 시장에서는 일반 소매 업태와 같은 범주에서 경쟁을 하고 전략을 세워야 하는 기업이기 때문이다. 그 대상은 세계에서 가장 오래됐고 한 때 영국에서 가장 큰 소매 업체였던 영국의 소비자협동조합이다. 영국 소비자협동조합의 성장과 쇠퇴와 회생의 긴 역사는 소매 진화 이론인 환경－순환－갈등의 결합이론으로 설명할 수 있다. 성공적인 혁신의 시기에 영국의 소비자협동조합은 소매 유통 업체로서 경쟁력 있는기관으로 성장했고 그 반대의 상황에서는 시장 점유율이 하락하는 쇠퇴의 길로빠졌다. 2000년대 중반 들어 영국의 소비자협동조합은 다시 반전의 기회를 맞이하고 있다. 그러나 경쟁 업체들과 치열한 다툼을 벌이고 있기 때문에 아직은 잠정적인 성과라고 할 수 밖에 없다. 이 같은 과정에서 소매 업태의 진화과정을 설명하는 결합이론은 영국 소비자협동조합의 분석에 상당한 설명력을 갖는 것으로 파악됐다. 소비자협동조합의 발전 과정에 소매 진화이론을 적용하는 것은 소202 동향과 전망 93호매 업태로서 소비자협동조합의 진화 계기를 파악하고 혁신의 방향을 가늠해 보기 위한 것이다.
Abstract
This article examines the British consumer co-operatives in the view of theevolutionary theory on retailing format. Even though the consumer co-operativesare completely different from private companies in terms of managementphilosophy and organization, they are also retailers in the marketwhich have always competed fiercely with other retailers to enlarge marketshare. Accordingly the research on the consumer co-operatives needs interdisciplinaryapproach. The present research analysed history of British consumerco-operatives with the combined theory which considers environment-cycle-conflict factors as a driving force of retailing evolution andinnovation. The analysis showed that various factors suggested by the theoryhad profound influence on their evolution. This demonstrates that the combinedtheory is very useful in understanding the evolutionary process of theBritish consumer co-operatives.
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