Developing drought stress index for monitoring Pinus densiflora diebacks in Korea
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: The phenomenon of tree dieback in forest ecosystems around the world, which is known to be associated with high temperatures that occur simultaneously with drought, has received much attention. Korea is experiencing a rapid rise in temperature relative to other regions. Particularly in the growth of evergreen conifers, temperature increases in winter and spring can have great influence. In recent years, there have been reports of group dieback of Pinus densiflora trees in Korea, and many studies are being conducted to identify the causes. However, research on techniques to diagnose and monitor drought stress in forest ecosystems on local and regional scales has been lacking. Results: In this study, we developed and evaluated an index to identify drought and high-temperature vulnerability in Pinus densiflora forests. We found the Drought Stress Index (DSI) that we developed to be effective in generally assessing the drought-reactive physiology of trees. During 2001–2016, in Korea, we refined the index and produced DSI data from a 1 × 1-km unit grid spanning the entire country. We found that the DSI data correlated with the event data of Pinus densiflora mass dieback compiled in this study. The average DSI value at times of occurrence of Pinus densiflora group dieback was 0.6, which was notably higher than during times of nonoccurrence. Conclusions: Our combination of the Standard Precipitation Index and growing degree days evolved and short- and long-term effects into a new index by which we found meaningful results using dieback event data. Topographical and biological factors and climate data should be considered to improve the DSI. This study serves as the first step in developing an even more robust index to monitor the vulnerability of forest ecosystems in Korea.
Abstract
Background: The phenomenon of tree dieback in forest ecosystems around the world, which is known to be associated with high temperatures that occur simultaneously with drought, has received much attention. Korea is experiencing a rapid rise in temperature relative to other regions. Particularly in the growth of evergreen conifers, temperature increases in winter and spring can have great influence. In recent years, there have been reports of group dieback of Pinus densiflora trees in Korea, and many studies are being conducted to identify the causes. However, research on techniques to diagnose and monitor drought stress in forest ecosystems on local and regional scales has been lacking. Results: In this study, we developed and evaluated an index to identify drought and high-temperature vulnerability in Pinus densiflora forests. We found the Drought Stress Index (DSI) that we developed to be effective in generally assessing the drought-reactive physiology of trees. During 2001–2016, in Korea, we refined the index and produced DSI data from a 1 × 1-km unit grid spanning the entire country. We found that the DSI data correlated with the event data of Pinus densiflora mass dieback compiled in this study. The average DSI value at times of occurrence of Pinus densiflora group dieback was 0.6, which was notably higher than during times of nonoccurrence. Conclusions: Our combination of the Standard Precipitation Index and growing degree days evolved and short- and long-term effects into a new index by which we found meaningful results using dieback event data. Topographical and biological factors and climate data should be considered to improve the DSI. This study serves as the first step in developing an even more robust index to monitor the vulnerability of forest ecosystems in Korea.
참고문헌 (43)
- Adams HD, "Nonstructural leaf carbohydrate dynamics of Pinus edulis during drought-induced tree mortality reveal role for carbon metabolism in mortality mechanism", New Phytol, 197, pp.1142~1151 (2013)
- Adams HD, "Temperature sensitivity of droughtinduced tree mortality portends increased regional die-off under globalchange-type drought", Proc Natl Acad Sci, 106, pp.7063~7066 (2009)
- Allen CD, "On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die-off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene", Ecosphere, 6(8), pp.129~ (2015)
- Allen CD, "A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests", For Ecol Manag, 259(4), pp.660~684 (2010)
- Bennett AC, "Larger trees suffer most during drought in forests worldwide", Nat Plants, 1, pp.15139~ (2015)
- Bhuyan U, "Different responses of multispecies tree ring growth to various drought indices across Europe", Dendrochronologia, 44, pp.1~8 (2017)
- Breda N, "Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought : a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences", Ann For Sci, 63, pp.625~644 (2006)
- Breshears DD, "Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change type drought", Proc Natl Acad Sci, 102(42), pp.15144~15148 (2005)
- Camarero JJ, "Timing of drought triggers distinct growth responses in holm oak : implications to predict warminginduced forest defoliation and growth decline", Forests, 6(5), pp.1576~1597 (2015)
- Fang J, "A physiological model for predicting dynamics of tree stem-wood non-structural carbohydrates", J Ecol, 108, pp.702~718 (2020)
- Greenwood S, "Tree mortality across biomes is promoted by drought intensity, lower wood density and higher specific leaf area", Ecol Lett, 20, pp.539~553 (2017)
- Griffin D, "How unusual is the 2012–2014 California drought?", Geophys Res Lett, 41(24), pp.9017~9023 (2012)
- Guttman NB, "Comparing the Palmer Drought Index and the Standardized Precipitation Index", J Am Water Resour Assoc, 34(1), pp.113~121 (1998)
- Hartmann H, "Understanding the roles of nonstructural carbohydrates in forest trees – from what we can measure to what we want to know", New Phytol, 211, pp.386~403 (2016)
- Hogg EH, "A simple soil moisture index for representing multiyear drought impacts on aspen productivity in the western Canadian interior", Agric For Meteorol, 178, pp.173~182 (2013)
- Huang C, "Large regional drought-induced biomass losses of the rocky mountain aspen forests", Glob Chang Biol, 18, pp.1016~1027 (2012)
- Synthesis report. Conrtibution of Working Group I, II and III to the Firth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "IPCC", IPCC, 151~ (2014)
- 강신규, "BIOME-BGC 모형을 이용한 국내 소나무 고사의 기후 및 토심 영향 분석", 한국농림기상학회지, 18(4), pp.242~252 (2016), 한국농림기상학회[DOI]
- 김병식, "기후변화가 극한강우와 I-D-F분석에 미치는 영향 평가", 한국수자원학회 논문집, 41(4), pp.379~394 (2008), 한국수자원학회
- 김동우, "표준강수지수와 정규식생지수를 활용한 봄 가뭄 탐지 가능성 분석", 한국지리학회지, 6(2), pp.165~174 (2017), 한국지리학회[DOI]
- 김재범, "울진 소광리 산림유전자원보호구역 내 금강소나무 고사지역의 지형 환경 특성 분석", 한국농림기상학회지, 19(1), pp.10~18 (2017), 한국농림기상학회[DOI]
- Kim S, "Regional parameterization of canopy onset models using MODIS and flowering onset data", Ecological Modelling, 247, pp.190~198 (2012)
- Klein T, "Tree carbon allocation dynamics determined using a carbon mass balance approach", New Phytol, 205, pp.147~159 (2015)
- Lebourgeois F, "Mixed stands reduce Abies alba treering sensitivity to summer drought in the Vosges mountains, western Europe", For Ecol Manag, 303, pp.61~71 (2013)
- Lim J-H., "Climate change-induced dieback of evergreen conifers in Korea and options for adaptation", Proceedings of 2016 International Climate Change Adaptation Symposium on Forest Management for Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change, pp.53~76 (2016)
- Mather JR, "The role of climate in the distribution of vegetation", Ann Assoc Am Geogr, 58, pp.29~41 (1968)
- McDowell N, "Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought?", New Phytol, 178, pp.719~739 (2008)
- McDowell NG, "The mechanisms of carbon starvation: how, when, or does it even occur at all?", New Phytol, 186, pp.264~266 (2010)
- McKee TB, "The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales", Proc Conf Appl Climatol, 17(22), pp.179~183 (1993)
- McMaster GS, "Growing degree-days : one equation, two interpretations", Agric For Meteorol, 87(87), pp.291~300 (1997)
- Mildrexler D, "A forest vulnerability index based on drought and high temperatures", Remote Sens Environ, 173, pp.314~325 (2016)
- Meteorolofical droughts, "Palmer WC", U.S. Department of Commerce Weather Bureau, 45~58 (1965)
- Park S, "Drought assessment and monitoring through blending of multi-sensor indices using machine learning approaches for different climate regions", Agric For Meteorol, 216, pp.157~169 (2016)
- Richardson AD, "Seasonal dynamics and age of stemwood nonstructural carbohydrates in temperate forest trees", New Phytol, 197, pp.850~861 (2013)
- Rowland L, "Death from drought in tropical forests is triggered by hydraulics not carbon starvation", Nature, 528, pp.119~121 (2015)
- Sala A, "Physiological mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality are far from being resolved", New Phytol, 186, pp.274~281 (2010)
- Stephenson N, "Climatic control of vegetation distribution : the role of the water balance", Am Nat, 135(5), pp.649~670 (1990)
- Tague CL, "An integrated model of environmental effects on growth, carbohydrate balance, and mortality of Pinus ponderosa forests in the southern Rocky Mountains", PLoS One, 8(11) (2013)
- Van Mantgem PJ, "Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the western United States", Science, 323, pp.521~524 (2009)
- Vicente-Serrano SM, "A multi-scalar drought index sensitive to global warming : the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)", J Clim, 23, pp.1696~1718 (2010)
- Vicente-Serrano SM, "Evidence of increasing drought severity caused by temperature rise in southern Europe", Environ Res Lett, 9(4), pp.044001~ (2014)
- Williams AP, "Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality", Nat Clim Chang, 3, pp.292~297 (2013)
- Williams AP, "Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States", Proc Natl Acad Sci, 107, pp.21298~21294 (2010)