산업제품디자이너의 실무역량 연구
A Study on the Practical Competencies of Industrial Product Designers
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교육계의 주요 이슈인 ‘역량 기반 교육’은 ‘무엇을 아는가’에서 ‘무엇을 할 수 있는가’로 교육 패러다임의 전환을 의미한다. 이는 제품 디자이너 양성을 위한 교육 방법으로 적합하다. 그러나 학술적 디자인 개념의 확장은 교육 측면에서 역량 설정의 모호성 문제를 초래하였다. 이로 인해 디자인의 고유한 전문성이 간과될 수 있다. 실로 제품 디자인의 교육 수준과 실무 요구 수준의 간극이 커지고 있다. 이에 실무 디자이너 양성에 적합한 역량 연구의 필요성이 대두된다. 본 연구의 목적은 산업 제품 개발 프로세스에서 요구되는 디자이너의 실천 역량에 주목하여 현 사회적, 기술적 변화에 대응하고, 효과적인 디자인 업무 수행을 위한 제품 디자인 실무역량 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 연구 방법은 첫째, 선행연구들의 역량 프레임과 여러 디자인 역량 고찰. 둘째, 제품 디자인의 고유성을 탐색을 통한 역량 설정 방향 제시. 셋째, 다수 문헌과 전문가 설문조사에서 나타난 역량 키워드에 대한 Affinity Diagram 분석을 통해 제품 디자인 실무역량의 맥락을 파악하는 것으로 진행하였다. 이에 따른 연구 결과로서 제품 디자인 고유성에 따른 배타적 범주화의 실무역량 모델을 개발하였다. 첫째, 고유 역량 군 중 토대 역량은 ‘조형 요소와 원리 등 디자인 근간 지식, 제품 디자인 데이터 구현 도구 활용 기술, 디자인 마인드 셋과 프로세스 활용 태도’이며, 핵심 역량은 ‘디자인 콘셉트 창출 근간 지식, 디자인 감각 및 완성도 확보 기술, 디자인 안목 및 디자인 정신’이다. 둘째, 사회적 확장 역량 군은 ‘인문학 및 경제학 범용 지식, 산업 생산 및 미디어 활용 기술, 사회적 디자인 가치 확산 노력의 태도’이다. 셋째, 신기술 융합 역량 군은 ‘CX & 트렌드 데이터 리터러시 지식, AI & XR 등 ICT 활용 디자인 기술, 호기심과 지속적인 학습 태도’이다. 이는 제품 디자이너 실무역량 강화 교육에 도움을 줄 것이다. 다학제 융합 시대에 디자이너의 전문 역량을 명확히 이해할 때 디자인 역할의 가치는 보다 선명해질 것이다.
Abstract
The major issue in education, ‘competency-based education,’ signifies a paradigm shift from ‘what one knows’ to ‘what one can do.’ This approach is suitable for training product designers. However, the expansion of academic design concepts has led to ambiguity in competency settings within educational contexts. Therefore, this study aims to develop a model of product design practice competencies for effective design work by focusing on the designers’ practice competencies required in the industrial product development process. To this end, the competency frameworks and design competencies presented in previous studies were reviewed, and the practical design competencies were identified through an Affinity Diagram analysis of numerous competency keywords derived from related literature and expert surveys. Based on these findings, an exclusive categorization model of practical competencies was developed according to the uniqueness of product design. First, within the unique competency group, the foundational competencies include ‘basic knowledge of design elements and principles, skills in utilizing tools for product design data implementation, and the mindset and attitude for process utilization.’ The core competencies encompass ‘basic knowledge for creating design concepts, skills for ensuring design sensitivity and completeness, and design insight and spirit.’ Second, the social expansion competency group consists of ‘general knowledge of humanities and economics, skills for industrial production and media utilization, and an attitude towards efforts to expand the social value of design.’ Third, the new technology convergence competency group comprises ‘knowledge of CX and trend data literacy, design skills utilizing ICT technologies such as AI & XR, and a curiosity and continuous learning attitude.’ This is expected to aid in enhancing the practical competencies of product designers. This model will aid in strengthening the practical competencies of product designers.
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