중국 단편 애니메이션‘테일 언더 워터(噬夢菇)’의 초현실주의적 시각 표현 형식에 대한 연구 -프로이트의 정신분석학적 관점에 입각하여-
A Study on the Surrealistic Visual Expression of the Chinese Short Animation‘A Tale Under Water’-based on Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective-
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초록
본 연구는 지그문트 프로이트(Sigmund Freud)의 ‘심리 지형학’ 이론을 기반으로 중국 단편 애니메이션 <테일 언더 워터(A Tale Under Water)>의 주요 장면들인 '균 선생의 후원', '균 선생의 약국', '제비 둥지'에서 나타나는 '물' 요소를 분석하여, 전체 이야기가 균 선생의 꿈속에서 벌어지고 있음을 추론한다. 이어서 프로이트의 ‘정신 구조 모델’과 ‘꿈은 욕망의 충족(The Dream As Wish-Fulfilment)’ 이론을 바탕으로, ‘물에 빠진 후의 경관의 반응’, ‘균 선생의 이중성’, ‘감옥 같은 균 선생의 후원’, ‘상처의 전이’ 등 초현실적인 시각적 표현이 인물의 행동 논리와 시공간 관계를 미묘하게 어긋나게 만든다는 점을 밝힌다. 이러한 시각적 표현은 관객의 현실 인식을 흔들며, 강한 감정적 공감을 이끌어낸다. 또한, 이야기의 클라이맥스에서 등장하는 ‘활짝 피어난 보라색의 꿈을 잡아먹는 버섯(噬梦菇)’과 같은 강렬한 초현실적인 시각적 요소는 베르톨트 브레히트(Bertolt Brecht)의 ‘소격효과(Alienation effect)’를 유발하여 관객이 자신의 욕망을 객관적으로 성찰할 수 있도록 한다. 감독은 꿈속의 초현실적 시각 효과를 통해 진실(공감)과 가공(소격효과) 사이의 균형을 이루며, 균 선생의 증대된 내면적 욕망을 드러내어 서사를 이끌어간다. 애니메이션은 또한 균 선생의 향우회를 통해 중국 현대 사회에서 개인이 직면한 신뢰 위기를 반영하며, 물질주의(Economic materialism)가 초래하는 욕망의 증대, 그리고 도덕적 딜레마를 은유적으로 보여준다. 감독은 인간의 욕망과 본성에 현대성을 담아내며, 오늘날의 엔터테인먼트 시장에서도 수용 가능한 혁신적인 초현실적 시각 표현 전략을 제시했다.
Abstract
This study analyses the element of "water" appearing in key scenes of the Chinese animated short film A Tale Under Water, focusing on "Mr. Jun's Sponsorship", "Mr. Jun's Pharmacy", and "The Swallow's Nest", through the lens of Sigmund Freud's theory of "psychogeography". The study suggests that the entire story unfolds within Mr. Jun's dream. Using Freud's "structural model of the psyche" and the theory of "The Dream as Wish-Fulfillment", it examines how surrealistic visual expressions, such as "the reaction to the landscape after drowning", "Mr. Jun's duality", "the prison-like sponsorship of Mr. Jun" and "the transference of wounds" subtly disrupt the logic of the characters’ actions and their spatial-temporal relationships. These expressions challenge the audience's perception of reality while evoking strong emotional empathy. In addition, surrealistic elements, such as the "purple dream-eating mushroom" at the climax of the story, evoke Bertolt Brecht's "Alienation Effect." This effect allows the audience to reflect on their own desires with greater objectivity. Through these visual techniques, the director skilfully balances truth (Empathy) and fabrication (Alienation Effect), revealing Mr Jun's heightened inner desires and driving the narrative forward. The animation also highlights the crisis of trust experienced by individuals in contemporary Chinese society, as symbolised by Mr. Jun's "Hometown Association". It also metaphorically explores the phenomenon of inflated desires and moral dilemmas fuelled by economic materialism. By presenting a modern exploration of human desire and nature, the director introduces an innovative approach to surrealist visual expression, demonstrating its viability in the contemporary entertainment market.
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