중국 단편 수묵 애니메이션 <구스 마운틴>(2023)의 주제 표현에 대한 연구
A Study on the Subject Representation of the Chinese Short Ink Animation <Goose Mountain>(2023)
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초록
1990년대 이후, 중국 전통 수묵 애니메이션은 난해함, 재미 부족, 높은 제작 비용 등의 이유로 쇠퇴했다. 오늘날 디지털 기술의 도입으로 혁신을 시도했지만, 수묵화의 회화성이 애니메이션의 시공간성(时空性)에 희생되는 문제가 남아있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 감독 후루이(胡睿)는 전통 수묵화 기법인 ‘준법(皴法)’과 서양의 스케치, 프랑스 좌안파(Le cinéma des autors)의 특징, ‘브레이킹 더 포스 월(Breaking the 4th Wall)’ 이론을 결합하여 시각적으로 접근했다. 따라서 본 논문은 그의 작품인 <구스 마운틴>을 중심으로 캐릭터 연출과 산의 조형을 통해 인간의 욕망과 본성을 탐구한다. <구스 마운틴>은 ‘중국 애니메이션 학파’의 전통을 계승하면서, 디지털 시대의 발전에 맞춰 서양 영화와 애니메이션 기법을 수용하고, ‘중체서용(中體西用)’의 창작 이념을 반영했다. 이 이념을 통해 <구스 마운틴>은 중국 수묵 애니메이션의 특유의 ‘가상과 진실의 융합으로 생장(生長)하기’ (虚实相生)라는 전통 미학을 유지하면서도 강렬한 시각적 효과를 구현했다. 이에 따라 <구스 마운틴>은 다양한 예술 스타일을 균형 있게 결합하여, 현대인의 “얻기 전에는 얻으려고 근심하고, 얻은 후에는 잃을까 근심함(患得患失)”이라는 생활 상태를 반영하고, 결국 “인생은 뿌리가 없는 식물과 같아서, 길 위의 먼지처럼 떠돌아다닌다(人生无根蒂，飘如陌上尘)”라는 교훈에 도달한다. 이러한 주제를 바탕으로, 본 논문은 중국 전통 수묵화 문화를 전승하면서도 현대 엔터테인먼트 시장에서 유효한 시각 전략을 제시한다.
Abstract
Since the 1990s, traditional Chinese ink animation has declined due to its complexity, lack of entertainment value, and high production costs. Although digital technology has been introduced to innovate, there remains the problem of the pictorial nature of ink painting being sacrificed for the spatiotemporal characteristics of animation. Therefore, this paper explores human desire and nature through the character portrayal and mountain shaping in Goose Mountain. The director combines the traditional ink painting technique of "Cunfa (皴法)," Western sketching, the characteristics of the French Left Bank cinema movement, and the theory of "Breaking the Fourth Wall" to portray the characters. In doing so, Goose Mountain inherits the tradition of the "Chinese Animation School" while adapting to the development of the digital age, embracing Western film and animation techniques, and reflecting the creative ideology of "using Chinese essence with Western methods." Through this ideology, Goose Mountain maintains the unique traditional aesthetics of Chinese ink animation—"the integration of virtual and real (虚实相生)"—while achieving a strong visual effect. As a result, Goose Mountain balances various artistic styles, reflecting the modern human condition of "worrying about gain and loss before obtaining something, and worrying about losing it after obtaining it." Ultimately, it conveys the lesson that "life is like a rootless plant, drifting like dust on the road." Based on this theme, this paper presents a viable visual strategy for the modern entertainment market while inheriting the culture of traditional Chinese ink painting.
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