기업의 사회적 책임 활동에 대한 이론적 고찰과 실무적 제언: 통합적 접근방법을 중심으로
Theoretical Analysis and Practical Suggestions of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities: From an Integrative Perspective
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초록
본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임 활동을 통합적 관점에서 이론적으로 분석하여 논의를 수행하고 실무적인 가이드라인을 제시하고 있다. 통합적 관점은 기업이 사회적 책임 활동을 수행하면서 경제적 가치뿐만 아니라 사회적 가치를 동시에 추구해야 한다는 견해이다. 사회적 책임 활동이 기업의 이익과 연결되어야 한다는 수단적 관점과 차이가 있을 뿐만 아니라 일방적인 자선 활동과도 대비되는 접근방식이다. 이론적인 논의를 1) 통합적 관점과 수단적 관점의 비교, 2) 사회적 가치의 측정, 3) 사회적 가치와 경제적 가치의 관계, 4) 사회적 가치와 경제적 가치의 효율적 경계선에 대하여 수행하였다. 통합적 관점은 경제적 가치를 포기하지 않지만 사회적 가치와 긴장 관계를 신중하게 고려하여 분리와 통합 과정을 통하여 해결책을 마련하고자 하는 데에 의미가 있기 때문에 사회적 가치를 측정하는 것이 통합적 관점에서 더욱 중요한 과업이라고 할 수 있다. 하지만, 사회적 가치를 측정하는 것은 결코 용이한 과업이 아니다. 사회적 가치를 추구할 때에 기업의 이익과 연결되어 경제적 가치를 증대시킬 수 있을까에 대하여 다양한 의견이 존재한다. 통합적 관점에서는 특히 최근 들어 경제적, 사회적 가치의 긴장 관계를 중시하고 있다. 양자의 갈등이 자연스레 연결되는 것이 아니라 여러 가지 힘든 해결과정을 거쳐야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 적절한 해결과정을 거쳐서 몇 개의 대안적 프로그램이 남아 있을 때에는 효율적 경계선을 이용하여 경제적, 사회적 가치에 대하여 각각 일부를 양보해야 하는 적절한 선택을 수행해야 한다. 실무적 제언으로 1) 통합적 관점을 취하면서, 2) 의미가 있고 효과성 높으면서, 3) 기업의 전문성과 일치할 것으로 예상되는 분야를 선별하여 프로그램을 수행하고, 4) 지속적으로 사회적 가치를 측정하고 목표를 정할 필요가 있다는 점을 강조하였고, 5) 체계적이면서 신중한 기업평판 관리를 통하여 다양한 이해관계자와의 관계를 호의적으로 유지하고 강화해야 필요성을 언급하였다.
Abstract
This study takes an integrative perspective and analyzes corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities theoretically. We also suggest some practical guidelines for CSR activities. The integrative perspective proposes that CSR programs need to seek social and economic values simultaneously. This approach distinguish itself from an instrumental perspective which emphasizes that social contributions need to have a positive impact on economic value (e.g., firm’s financial performance) and from philanthropic donations without clear objectives. We analyze theoretically 1) comparisons between integrative and instrumental perspectives, 2) measurement of social value, 3) relationship between social and economic values, 4) efficient frontiers on social and economic values. The measurement of social value is a prerequisites to the integrative perspective since this approach emphasizes ‘tensions’ between social and economic values and resolutions through separation and synthesis of values, although it is very difficult to measure social value. Many different view on the relationship between social and economic values. Recently, scholars in the integrative perspective believe there exist tensions between social and economic values. After resolution processes, there may remain some programs in trade-off relations of social and economic values. Relying on efficient frontiers, we may have to make a decision between social and economic values by giving up some values in each dimension. As practical suggestions, 1) taking the integrative perspectives, 2) effectively selecting CSR program areas, 3) choosing areas well matched with firm’s expertise, 4) continuous measurements and objective set-ups of social value, and 5) systematic management of corporate reputation as a final output of CSR activities are recommended.
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