친환경행동과 혁신성이 그린제품의 구전 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향 : 조절초점의 조절효과를 중심으로
Moderating effect of regulatory focus regarding the effect of environmental and innovative tendency on word-of-mouth and purchase intention for green products
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초록
연구목적: 기업의 그린마케팅 프로그램은 소비자의 친환경 라이프스타일이 강조되면서 마케팅전략에 적극 반영되고 있다. 자동차 업계도 예외가 아니어서 친환경차 개발과 보급이 전략 과제로 대두되고 있다. 그러나 하이브리드카를 비롯한 친환경차의 대중화는 가시화되지 않는 실정이다. 자동차는 타인이나 사회적 지위 등을 의식하여 구매되는 성격이 강하기 때문에 구매프로세스에서 다른 사람의 의견과 구전이 결정적 역할을 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소비자 개인의 특성과 하이브리드카의 구전 및 구매의도와의 관계를 파악하여 그린혁신의 근간이 되는 소비자 변수와 그 영향을 실증 분석하고, 이에 근거한 실무적 시사점을 도출한다. 연구 설계 및 방법론: 연구모형의 검증을 위해 설문지를 이용하였다. 201부의 배포된 설문 중 결측치 등을 제외한 193부를 최종 분석에 사용하였으며, SPSS 19.0과 AMOS 20.0 통계분석 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형분석, 조절효과 검증을 위한 다중집단 비교분석을 실시하였다. 분석 및 연구 결과: 소비자의 환경친화행동이 구전수용 및 확산의도, 혁신성은 구전확산, 구전수용과 구전확산이 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 방어초점과 촉진초점 소비자간의 구매의도에서 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 시사점 및 연구의 한계점: 기업은 하이브리드카의 친환경성을 지속적으로 강조하고 투자하는 한편, 촉진활동에 있어서는 혁신 및 세련된 이미지를 사용, 장기미래 시점 위주의 메시지로 어필 하여 긍정적 정보를 조기 확산시킬 필요가 있다. 아울러, 소비자의 하이브리드카에 대한 관심이 실제 구매의도와 연결되도록 하는 결정적인 매개 및 조절요인을 찾을 필요가 있는데 이 때 객관적이고 다양한 정보를 제공함으로써 소비자의 불확실성을 줄여주는 것이 중요하다. 이러한 결과는 혁신과 친환경성이라는 관점에서 하이브리드카에 대한 마케팅 전략 수립에 국한된 것이 아니라, 친환경 전자제품이나 그린IT 등 그린 혁신제품군 전반에 응용이 가능함으로써 관련 연구와 실무에 의미 있게 활용될 것으로 보인다. 향후 연구방향: 향후 다양한 혁신제품군(그린IT, 친환경 가전 등)에서의 확장된 연구를 시도할 수 있을 것이다. 공헌점: 자동차는 관여도가 비교적 큰 제품군이므로 소비자의 구매의사결정 과정에서 소비자 개인의 특성이 크게 작용한다. 따라서 소비자의 특성과 하이브리드카 구매의도와의 관계를 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 환경변수와 혁신성을 동시에 고려하여 네트워크효과를 검증했다는 점, 그린제품 구매과정에서 조절초점에 따른 차이를 비교하였다는 점에서 차별점을 갖는다.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of buyers’ environmental and innovative tendency on the purchase intention of hybrid cars mediated by word-of-mouth in. The study also explores the moderating effect of the regulatory focus in the proposed relations. Finally, it proposes the theoretical and practical implications for further research in this realm of study. Design/methodology/approach: To empirically verify the proposed model, a comprehensive survey was conducted. Out of 201 participants, 193 usable questionnaires were collected. The data were analyzed using both EFA and CFA in order to identify and validate the items contributing to each component in the model. Further, we conducted structural modeling and multi-group analysis in order to verify the moderating effect verification. Results/findings: The results indicate that consumers' pro-environmental behavior has a significantly positive influence on WOM acceptance and spread. On the other hand, consumers' innovativeness has only a positive influence on WOM spread. Further, WOM acceptance and spread both haver a significantly positive influence on attitudes toward green purchases. It was also discovered that regulatory focus moderated the effect of WOM on purchase intention. Research implications/limitations: The understanding of the process and antecedents of green purchases can provide green car marketers with some useful insights into improving the communication effectiveness of their promotional campaigns. Future work/research: Future study that expands the research from various products(green IT, eco-friendly appliances, etc.) will be promising. Originality/value: The present findings contribute to incorporating both environmental and innovative tendencies in order to examine the effect of each variable on the process of purchasing green products. This should performed by first focusing on the effect of word-of-mouth in the context of network effect in this area.
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