역동적 시장환경에 대한 탐색 메커니즘으로서의 인수합병에 대한 연구
Acquisitions As a Search Mechanism in a Dynamic Market Environment
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기술혁신은 기업들이 시장환경의 변화에 대응하여 생존하고 성장하기 위한 중요한 수단이다. 시장환경의 변화는 새로운 기술혁신의 기회를 제공할 뿐만 아니라, 불확실성을 높임으로써 혁신의 어려움도 가중시킨다. 이에 따라 외부환경에 대한 탐색은 기술혁신의 중요한 요소가 된다. 본 연구에서는 인수합병을 기술혁신을 위한 외부 환경에 대한 탐색 메커니즘으로서 분석한다. 특히, 시장환경의 변동성에 따른 인수합병의 기술혁신효과를 지리적 시장의 관점에서 탐구한다. 기업들의 인수합병, 특허 및 기업 재무 데이터를 결합하여 분석한 결과, 기업의 지리적 시장다양성과 인수기업과 피인수기업관의 지리적 시장연관성은 인수합병 후 기술혁신에 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다. 또한, 이러한 지리적 시장 특성의 영향은 시장환경의 역동성에 따라 달라진다는 것을 보여준다. 구체적으로, 안정적인 시장환경에서는 지리적 시장 다양성이 높을수록, 지리적 시장 연관성이 낮을수록 인수합병 후 기술혁신 성과가 높아진다. 반대로 역동적 시장환경에서는 지리적 시장 다양성이 낮을수록, 지리적 시장 연관성이 높을수록 기술혁신 성과가 높아진다. 본 연구 결과는 기술혁신의 관점에서 인수합병을 효과적으로 활용하기 위해서는 시장환경의 조건에 따라 상이한 인수합병 전략을 사용해야 함을 보여준다.
Abstract
Technological innovations became an important means for firms to survive and grow in a dynamically changing environment. Dynamic environments of high uncertainties provide both opportunities and challenges for successful innovations. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to effectively analyze firms’ external environments for innovations. In this study, we suggest acquisitions as a search mechanism via which firms can boost technological innovations in a dynamic market environment. In particular, we look at geographic market characteristics as a critical factor that affects technological innovations in the context of market dynamism. The analysis of acquisitions data combined with patents and financial data shows that geographic market diversity and relatedness affect post-acquisition innovation performance. Findings of this study provide important managerial insights to effective firm acquisitions for innovations under changing market conditions.
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