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인수 기업의 제품 및 지리적 시장 다양성이 인수 후 기술혁신성과에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Product and Geographic Market Diversity on Post-Acquisition Innovation Performance of the Acquirer

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주제분류경영학

초록

연구목적: 오늘날의 치열한 경쟁환경에서 기업의 인수는 기술혁신의 성과를 결정하는 중요한 요인이 되고 있다. 특히, 최근의 마케팅 연구는 기업의 시장 경험 또는 지식이 기술 혁신의 성과를 결정하는 중요한 요소가 됨을 보여주고 있다. 하지만, 인수를 통한 기술혁신에 대한 기존 연구들이 주로 해당 기업들의 기술적 특성에 초점을 둔 반면, 시장 특성이 인수 후 기술혁신에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 시장 또는 고객에 대한 지식이 기술혁신의 중요함 원천이 됨을 고려할 때, 본 연구에서는 인수 기업의 시장 다양성이 인수 후 발생하는 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 한다. 연구 설계 및 방법론: 본 연구에서는 바이오, 제약 및 관련 화학 산업 (SIC code 28)을 대상으로 다양한 2차 자료를 활용하여, 제시된 가설들을 검증하였다. 인수 후 기술혁신 성과의 측정을 위해, 특허자료를 사용하였으며, negative binomial 회귀분석 방법을 적용하였다. 분석 및 연구 결과: 분석결과, 인수기업의 시장다양성이 인수 후 기술혁신 성과를 결정하는 중요한 요소가 됨을 보여주고 있다. 구체적으로, 인수기업의 제품 시장 다양성과 기술혁신 성과는 역 U자형 관계를, 즉, 제품 시장 다양성이 매우 낮거나 높은 경우에 비해 중간 수준인 경우에 인수 후 기술 혁신에 가장 높아짐을, 보여주고 있다. 반면, 인수기업의 지리적 시장의 다양성이 높을수록 인수 후 기술 혁신 성과도 지속적으로 증가함을 보여주고 있다. 시사점 및 연구의 한계점: 본 연구는 제품 시장과 지리적 시장을 구분하고, 이 두 시장 각각의 다양성이 인수 후 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 보여줌으로써, 인수 후 기업성과에 대한 중요한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 향후 연구방향: 본 연구는 인수 후 기술혁신 성과에 초점을 맞추었지만, 후속 연구를 통해 보다 다양한 종류의 결과변수를 분석할 필요가 있다. 공헌점: 본 연구는 두 가지 종류의 시장 다양성, 즉, 인수 기업의 제품 시장 다양성과 지리적 시장 다양성을 구분하여 이들이 인수기업의 기술 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다는 점에서 차별점을 제시한다.

Abstract

Purpose: In a competitive market environment, corporate acquisitions haves become an important driving factor for successful technology innovations. Recent marketing studies have shown that market experience or knowledge plays a critical role in technological innovations. Nonetheless, most studies concerning technological innovations through acquisitions have focused on the technological aspects of firms. Hence, this study examines the influence of market diversity of the acquiring firm on its technological innovations after acquisitions. Design/methodology/approach: We used secondary data of acquisitions, patents, and financial information of firms in the biotech, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. We applied a negative binomial regression model to analyze the technological performance measured by patent counts. Results/findings: The results indicate that the product market diversity of the acquiring firm has an inverted-U-shaped effect on its post-acquisition technological innovations. In contrast, the geographic market diversity of the acquiring firm exhibits a positive effect on technological innovations through acquisitions. Research implications/limitations: The findings of this study enhance our knowledge regarding the role of market knowledge in pursuing innovations through acquisitions. Further, we reveal the implications of the acquiring firm’s characteristics for the innovation performance after acquisitions. Future work/research: Whereas this study focused on the technological innovations resulting from acquisitions, further research needs to examine more diverse outcomes, such as firm profitability or firm value in the market. Originality/value: The study distinguished between product market diversity and geographic market diversity as factors that drive post-acquisition innovations.

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