中國의 夫餘史 認識과 硏究現況 檢討

Abstract

Buyeo is the ancient and second oldest nation of Korea that was established and was followed by Gojoseon centering around the middle stream of the Songhua River in the 2nd century B.C. China has engaged in academic efforts to include the history of this area with their history of the Han Tribe since they recovered the Manchu region of China from Japan in 1945. Recently, they have attempted to complete this work through the Northeast Project. This study aims to investigate the facts and figures of their research on the history of the Buyeo Kingdom that has been made so far and how the Chinese people recognize Buyeo. Then, we will consider the research direction for Korea on Buyeo’s history. Research and exploration on the relics of Buyeo’s culture may be classified into three periods. The 1st period is from the time after the Manchu area was conquered by Japan until 1945 when Manchu was liberated. During this period, it was mainly elementary-level archeological researches that were conducted by Japanese scholars. The 2nd period is from 1945 (the year of independence) until the 1970s. In the period, relics of the Buyeo culture were found in the process of basic archeological researches being conducted on the entire area of Jilin Sheng as well as a few relics of the Buyeo culture were found in the process of exploring the relics of the Xituanshan Culture. The 3rd period begins in 1980s until the present. During this period, full-scale research and exploration were conducted on the relics of Buyeo culture based on the researches made in the previous periods. The relic sites of the Buyeo culture that were found reached about 70 places. Among them, excavation was made only in 9 places. In other relic sites, relics of the Buyeo culture were found through simple surface surveys. Reviewing the facts and figures of the researches on the Buyeo Kingdom conducted by China, about 80 theses have been reported so far and mainly in the 1980s and 1990s. Among them, there were 49 pure academic research theses and 32 survey reports on relics. Among the 49 research theses, 30 were based on literatures and 19 were the theses related to archeology. As for the history of Buyeo conducted by China according to the periods, it was in the 1930s that research on Buyeo was conducted for the first time. The initial research started from historical researches through the literature on the geographical location. From the 1950s to the 1970s, the Chinese Cultural Revolution proceeded full scale in society and most archeological researches on Jilin were focused on the Xituanshan Culture. Thus, there was scarce research on the history of Buyeo at that time. Beginning in the 1980s, research on the Buyeo Kingdom was remarkably advanced. Reaching he stage where comprehensive cultural understanding on the Xituanshan Culture was possible, researchers turned their interests gradually to the culture of Buyeo. Also, increases in archeological literature relating to Buyeo were actively made and the research became systematic and detailed. Since researches in that period were quoted with literary and archeological materials, all research was done systematically and comprehensively. The research on Buyeo conducted by China has different opinions according to the regions to which the researchers belong such as Liaoning Sheng, Jilin Sheng, Heilongjiang Sheng, etc. It is because they had different intentions to apply to Buyeo’s history for the benefit of the region to which they belong. To summarize the recognition of the Chinese on the history of the Buyeo Kingdom, Buyeo is a local regime that belonged to the Chungyen Kingdom that was established by a rival tribe in the ancient northeast area of China. Based on this recognition, all researches on the history of Buyeo have been currently made and such recognition was applied to all mass media and publications.