통구고분군 적석총의 군집양상 연구

Abstract

The research concerning the Koguryo stone-mound tomb has progressed from the precedence relations between the mound tomb and the stone-mound tomb (the early 20th century), through the question of the origin of the stone-mound tomb (the mid 20th century), and the classification of the forms of the stone-mound tomb (after the mid 20th century), to the decision of the buried of royal level stone-mound tomb (recently). The research was primarily based on the scale data of the stone-mound tomb in ‘TongguTombComplex-TheReportonthe1997MeasurementSurvey(洞溝古墓群-1997年調査測繪報告)’published by the Jilin Archaeological Institute (吉林省文物考古硏究所) in 2002, and in Chapter III modified and supplemented by referring to a more recent report. Of the Koguryo stone-mound tombs in Tonggu Tomb Complex, relatively wellpreserved 3,329 tombs were selected to be researched. The research proves that the stone-mound tombs in Tonggu Tomb Complex show different periodical transitions by type. It is obvious that the stair stone-mound tomb(階段積石塚) has distinctively larger scale than the non-stylobated stone-mound tomb(無基壇積石塚) and stylobated stone-mound tomb(基壇積石塚), thus making it inadequate to classify them by applying the same standard. The non-stylobated stone-mound tomb and stylobated stone-mound tomb do not substantially differ in scale, but show little difference in range. A brief description on the clustering pattern by tomb complex is as follows. Firstly, there are 37 ‘ultra large’stone-mound tombs that can be classified as the royal level, and there are more ultra large stone-mound tombs in Usanha tomb complex than others. Secondly, the scale of stone-mound tombs differ in periodical transition depending on their types, but the scale does not directly reflect the periodical difference. It has been indicated that in the late years of stair stone-mound tomb the scale of the tomb rather decreased with more sophisticated process of the stone, presumably to focus more heavily on the exterior of stone-mound tombs. Thirdly, 97.4% of the subject of the research falls under small and medium scale, particularly concentrating on the mid-small or medium III scale. This indicated that stone-mound tombs were not merely for the kings but for any nobility of over certain class. The stone-mound tombs in Tonggu Tomb Complex have been classified into 18groups and each group’s characteristics and clustering pattern have been examined. The 18 groups of tombs in Tonggu Tomb Complex are largely divided into two: Group 4, 5, 6, 8, 14, 16, 17 of non-stylobated stone-mound tombs and Group 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18 of a mixture of stylobated stone-mound tombs and stair stone-mound tombs. In the case of ultra large stone-mound tombs, they can be divided into two types of coexisting along with other stone-mound tombs and holding an independent position. Further, the lineal distribution tendencies by type were discovered in the clusters of stone-mound tombs: Group 4 → 3 → 2, Group 5 → 6, west east of Group 11, Group 13 → 12, south north along the Masen River of Group 18.