백제 印刻瓦의 새로운 유형과 변천과정

Abstract

This paper examines the transition process of the Baekje stamped-roof tiles newly identified among the tiles in Baekje Dynasty period excavated from the Baekje royal palace ruins within the Gongsanseong Castle in Gongju, which have been subject to recent surveys and investigations and analyzed the meaning of ‘Samsanmun(三山文)’ and ‘Suninmun(仙人文)’ engraved in the stamped-roof tiles. There are not many stamped-roof tiles that have been excavated and investigated near the Gongsanseong Castle but, in recent years, quite a few stamped-roof tiles have been discovered and identified at the Baekje royal palace ruins. The stamped-roof tiles excavated near the Gongsanseong Castle are classified into the square tile and the circular tile based on the type of tensile with the engravings classified into the pattern the inscription. The stamped-roof tiles with pattern come in both square and circular tiles, some of which are stamped with ‘Samsanmun’ and ‘Suninmun’ on the rectangular pattern plate sized 8-10㎝ in length and 5.5-6.5 in width while others are engraved with a short phrase. The stamped-roof tiles with the rectangular pattern on top layer are identified to have been massively excavated during the period of the capital of Woongjin, and the tiles with these patterns have been excavated at Gongsanseong Castle only. The stamp at the size of 2.5㎝ or so continued to be discovered following the period of the capital of Sabi, enabling us to make clear the order of events and their implications. The stamped-roof tiles with quotes come in both circular and square shape and such characters as ‘王’ ‘久’ ‘下’ and ‘古’ engraved on the seal with a diameter of about 3.3~4cm. In particular, the character '古' is stamped straight in right hand writing, while ‘王’ ‘久’ and ‘下’ are stamped upside down in the left hand writing. Considering the fact that the ‘大通’(527) stamped-roof tiles that indicate the period of stamped-roof tiles are stamped straight in right hand writing and that most stamps on the stamped-roof tiles excavated in Sabi and Iksan regions from the 7th century come in small size with a diameter of about 2.5㎝, the stamped-roof tiles in the left hand writing are considered to have been produced earlier than the ones in the right hand writing. The stamped-roof tiles with ‘Samsanmun’ and ‘Suninmun’ on them excavated at Gongsanseong Castle Samsanmun and Suninmun were extensively discovered near the square-shaped stone-walled pond as part the Baekje royal palace remains. The distinctive features of the pattern makes it possible to compare the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong with the form of Samsanmun inscribed in the cup with stand and to examine the possibility of expressing Taoistic expression. These indicate a possible existence of a pavilion around the square pond inside the Baekje palace during the period of the capital of Woongjin, reflecting the origin of the Taoistic philosophical system designed to sanctify the kingship. That is, it is highly likely that stamped-roof tiles inscribed with ‘Samsanmun’ and ‘Suninmun’ aimed to represent, through the patterns, the symbolism and political orientation of the royal building along with the supplier's expression as opposed to the demand system centered on the royal buildings.