고구려 귀면문 와당의 형식과 변천

Abstract

In this thesis I have examined the roof-end tiles with monster-mask design of Koguryo to classify the types through the changes and combinations in each design elements like expression mode of mouth, presence of tongue, number of teeth. The purpose to product the roof-end tiles with monster-mask design is focused on getting rid of the demons. So the roof-end tiles with monster-mask are displayed to threaten the demons. To showing off it’s toughness, monster-mask opened it’s mouth as big as possible, showed many teeth include canines. In this respect, the size of monster’s mouth can be set up as elements of mode reflecting product time. I classified the monster mask design as it’s appearance of mouth. So the reverse trapezoid or rectangle shaped roof-end tiles are classified as modeⅠ, foot-pillow shaped roof-end tiles are classified as modeⅡ. ModeⅠ roof-end tiles can be presented as the basic form of monster mask design of Koguryo, because they accounted for the most part of monster mask designed roof-end tiles. These roof-end tiles had different development process. If we consider it, the roofend tiles can be classified like these: (1) reverse trapezoid + having tongue +10chi = Ⅰa;(2) rectangle + having tongue +10chi = Ⅰb; (3) rectangle + having tongue +10chi = Ⅰc.ModeⅠa roof-end tiles are discovered only in Pyeong-yang area and mode Ⅰb roofend tiles are in Ji’an exclusively. So the geographical particularity was reflected in these roof-end tiles. It is the characteristic of modeⅠ roof-end tiles with monster mask that they were colored in red only. From the fact that the color of roof-end tiles with monster mask changed from gray to red, we can assume that it was their transition period. The appearance time of red-colored roof-end tiles with monster mask is presumed in the middle or end of 5th century in Pyeong-yang area and in the early of 6th century in Ji’an area. Consequently we can presume that roof-end tiles with monster mask appeared around the same period. From this viewpoint, it can be asserted that modeⅠa appeared in the middle or end of 5th century, modeⅡa appeared in the early 6th century. ModeⅡ roof-end tiles are relatively rare than modeⅠ and they can be classified as three types: (1) food pillow + having no tongue + 10chi = Ⅱa; (2) food pillow + having no tongue + 12chi = Ⅱb; (3) food pillow + having no tongue + 13chi = Ⅱc. Of the three types, modeⅡa are very peculiar because they discovered only in the Pyeong-yang area. ModeⅡb type connected closely with the roof-end tiles with the combination of lotus and other designs which excavated in Dongdaeja remains. On the assumption that the roof-end tiles with the combination of lotus and other designs prevailed from the middle to the end of 6th century, it can be asserted that modeⅡb type roof-end tiles were prevailed in the same period. In Ji’an, modeⅠc followed modeⅡb type roof-end tiles. In spite of their differences, they share some factors like 12chi teeth and ring type eyebrow. From the fact, it can be conjectured that the appearance time of modeⅠc preceded modeⅡb. And modeⅡb type which appeared only in Pyeong-yang area has share the mode elements of modeⅠc in the way of representation. Accordingly, this type sharing the characteristics of mode Ⅰc and modeⅡb can be seen as transitional type which appeared in the middle of 6th century. If we admit that the size of roof-end tiles with monster mask developed from small to large, modeⅡc the largest one appeared lately than others. And we can find lotus designed gems on the below of center part of tiles. So if we consider the fact that the lotus designed gems were appeared in 7th century, it is natural that modeⅡc roofend tiles were prevailing in 7th century.