고구려 인동문 와당의 형태와 문양 변화

Abstract

This thesis focus on the honeysuckle roof-end tiles appeared in Koguryo exclusively. To chronicle and classify the mode of this roof-end tiles, I pay attention to the elements of design like rising lines, formal changes of ovary shape, and revolving figures of design in time flow. Primarily I conclude that the mode of honeysuckle roof-end tiles is based on the thickness of rising lines and it can be classified in three styles: type Ⅰ thin line style; type Ⅱ mid-thin line style; type Ⅲ thick line style. Type Ⅰ thin line style has the formal characteristic of ovary shape+non revolving figures, and ovary shape has little hemisphere protuberance in it's thin line+circle board. As this kind of roof-end tiles discovered in the Jian Area, I understand that it is closely related to the honeysuckle design halo of the 6th Yungang Grottoes(476~483). All of the typeⅠ roof-end tiles were made by red soil, and lotus flower design and monster-mask design roof-end tiles with red soil has been excavated in company with it. It is possible that the honeysuckle design introduced in Koguryo in the middle of 5th century, but it seems that the use of honeysuckle design for roof-end tiles was later than the middle of 5th century. Because the turning point of soil's color from gray to red is conjectured in the late 5th or the early 6th century. So it can be concluded that the appearance time of typeⅠ was about the late 5th or the early 6th century. On the modes of ovary, type Ⅱ mid-thin line style is divided as Ⅱa style and Ⅱb style. The formal characteristics of Ⅱa are ovary shape which has little hemisphere protuberance in it's mid-thin line+circle board and revolving figures . And the formal characteristics of Ⅱb are mid-thin line and hemisphere ovary shape which is added dividing line and lotus pearl design and revolving figures. Especially Ⅱb type is discovered in Pyungyang area only, so it shows up the regional peculiarity. TypeⅡ which fortified revolving figures was changed into more active than typeⅠ. In the 1st tomb of Jinpari, this revolving figure is remarkable. If we consider the building time of the 1st tomb of Jinpari, Ⅱa can be chronicled in the early of 6th century or the middle of 6th century. And comparing with the modes of ovary in lotus flower design roof-end tiles, Ⅱb can be chronicled in the middle or late of 6th century. Type Ⅲ thick line style has the characteristic of thick line+hemisphere ovary shape and revolving figure. Thick line style is founded in Jian and Pyungyang area each. In Jian, for Ⅱa style, not going through Ⅱb style, directly linked to typeⅢ, thick line style maintain the standard formation of honeysuckle roof-end style. But in Pyungyang area, typeⅢ progressed totally different direction with typeⅡ. Because of the influence of four parts lotus flower roof-end tiles that are the distinctive character of Pyungyang area, four kinds of honeysuckle roof-end tiles were appeared. After all in typeⅢ, standard formation was disappeared and changed to the regional formation of roof-end tiles. By 7th century, the standard formations of Koguryo roof-end tiles could not found. In this respect, I concluded provisionally that the chronicle of typeⅢ is 7th century.