고구려 초기 官制의 重層的 구조와 운영

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to take a look at the overall structure and operation of early government system of Goguryeo in a way of finding out how the establishment and operation of the government system worked on the regal power. For this purpose, the Goguryeo Story of the Three Kingdoms and the early records of Goguryeo-bonggi of the History of Three Kingdoms are reviewed first and find out the role, status and so forth of each name of government positions. At that time, Goguryeo had its 5 Ministries taking the leading position with each ministry having Jega that is classified into Daega and Soga as the ruling class. Jega had independent base for its power and needed to manage the power base. The early government system of Goguryeo had the structure to classify upper and lower groups based on Saja. At first, the lower ranking officers, such as, Saja, Joui and Seonin, were positions established by the king and Daega with the divisions for each economy, military and general work affairs. They had two characteristics depending on the subject of conferment. One was the vassals of king and Daega that managed the private bases and the other was an independent ruling class with lower positions, Soga. For the later part in particular, it tied up with the royal family to overcome its inferior position in the ministry as Saja, Joui and Seonin of the king to participate in the national affairs. The higher ranking officers, Paeja (Daero), Jubu and Wutae, respond to the lower ranking officers, Joui, Saja and Seonin, and seemed to have the relationship of promotion among the same lines. In particular, those persons who were appointed in the higher ranking officers had close political relationship with the kings, and it is viewed as reflecting the intent of kings of Goguryeo that had the attempt to control military and economic aspects as the core part of national operation. If the operation of government system stirred the centripetal power regarding Jega, establishment of government positions laid down the detailed turning point. Establishment of Guksang (prime minister of today) that succeeded Daebo, Jaebo and Wubo was the case. At that time, the national administration was carried on through the meetings of Jega with Guksang leading the way. Guksang was the highest government official that may gather the opinions of Jegas as Ga. The next in line after Guksang was Jungoidaebu, and it had the role of adviser with close service to the kings. Lastly, a review was made in relation to the actual national administration. In the historic data, there were individuals who served government, but it was impossible to process the works alone when engaged in public affairs. Furthermore, those who were appointed as central officers in general had the positions to discuss the national administration and make decisions that the personnel to take on practical affairs were indispensable. The working group is deemed to be applicable for government positions of Saja and below positions in general. As the bodies related to the foregoing, there were Yusa and Sosa. They had the presumption for establishment and residence of government employees including the heads of such ministries that the controlled class, Jega, had to move to the center for themselves as well as their vassal groups. Therefore, the operation of early government system was the foundation for transforming the national structure by enticing the disintegration of the Jaeji of Jega and conversion into the central noble class.