발해 보상화문 수막새의 변천과정

Abstract

The number of Balhae’s roof-end tiles with Bosanghwa(Floral medallion motif) pattern isn’t enough. Many research have focused on the roof-end tiles which has heart-shaped lotus pattern. Most of Balhae’s bosanghwa patterned roof-end tiles are excavated in the Capital-Fortresses, so it’s important to analyse the meaning of bosanghwa patterned roof-end tile. This study looked over the definition and characteristics of the Bosanghwa Pattern. Futhermore, the study analysed the chronolgy and the change of Balhae’s bosanghwa patterned roof-end tile. Balhae’s bosanghwa patterned roof-end tile can be classified in 4 types by its lower petals shape. Balhae’s bosanghwa patterned roof-end tile is consisted with 6 petals that 2 sets of 3 steems are combined symmetrically. And one steem of each set is curved toward the center of roof-end tile. So, it can be said that Balhae’s bosanghwa pattern is close to the meaning of Bosangwha except that the curved steem. The begining of Balhae’s bosanghwa patterned roof-end tiles was early 8th century. In this period, the Type Ⅰ was appeared. It’s made of a lotus bud pattern and flower pattern. It is similar to the early Tang’s bosanghwa pattern. However, the Type Ⅰ was desappeared gradually because the trade volume of Balhae decreased as Balhae focused on external conquests. After then, as the king Mun came to throne, the trade with other countries increased. So, the culture of Balhae developed and new type of bosanghwa patterned roof-end tile was appeared. This new type, Type Ⅱ, is similar with Tang’s pattern and easy to manufacture. The pattern of Type Ⅱ is featured that it has the boju shaped Bosanghwa Pattern. After Type Ⅱ, Type Ⅲ was appeared immediately. Type Ⅲ has the heart shaped pattern which is located in the boju typed Bosanghwa Pattern of Type Ⅱ. After moving the capital city to Sanggyeong area, Type Ⅳ was appeared. Type Ⅳ has the heart shaped Bosanghwa pattern and it is Balhae’s own pattern . Type Ⅳ was lasted until the fall of Balhae.