오녀산성의 성격과 편년문제 재검토

Abstract

In this article, examines the character and chronological issues of Wunu (Onyeo) mountain Fortress located in eastern part of Liaoning Province. The Korean academic community mainly focused on it Koguryo period, but this time, the Jin (5th period) was introduced and studied with high interest. Due to topographical conditions, cultural layers of various periods, ruined remains and survey method were influenced on the chronological interpretation of some relics and remains. Wunu mountain Fortress is a site located on a high mountain, and most identifies it with Jolbon, the capital city of the early Koguryo period. However, this fortress seems to have had more defensive and symbolic functions than administrative functions. As a topic that was not approached at all before, the Krounopka culture (pottery, hut facilities) were confirmed in the 3rd period, which corresponds to the early Koguryo period, and are considered important data for archaeological research on the relationship between Koguryo and Okjeo in the future. The following 4th period is assumed that more active live period, focuses on artificial defensive functions, is estimated to exist for a long period. This stage is well introduced in Korean academia, and it seems reasonable to estimate the chronology as the 5th-6th century, contrary to Chinese claims. However, there was a problem in identifying the affiliation of some relics, so it was reexamined. This mainly includes weapons (iron spears) and defensive weapons that do not reflect the period well if comparative research is not conducted. Some comparison objects for the harness were reviewed. During a comparative study, we criticized some of the extremely small amount of Balhae period remains claimed by Chinese scholars and reconfirmed the chronological affiliation. Through comparative research, it was estimated that the Jinheung site located in the middle reaches of the Mudan River was used not only during the Balhae periods but also in Jurchen period. The 5th period of Wunu mountain Fortress, which is not well known in academia, was introduced and its importance during the Jin Dynasty was highlighted. As with the 4th period, we reexamined the chronological affiliation of some relics. We also examined the construction phase and guessed the operating period of the site. Based on the “Dotongsoin”(都統所印) seal, the administrative role of this fortress was inferred. There is no data that can be directly determined, it was indirectly estimated that the 5th period was operated in the late Jin Dynasty. But based on some elements (mountain fortress, construction materials, nature and form of relics), it was revealed that they are deeply related to the Eastern Xia that existed in the late Jin Dynasty. The nature of the 5th period were reviewed by comparing the data accumulated by investigating many mountain fortresses from the Eastern Xia period distributed in the Russian Maritime Province since the second half of the 20th century. Ultimately, the study of the 5th period of Wunu mountain Fortress provides important data to restore the complex political situation in Northeast Asia in the early 13th century, and active research is necessary. There has been little research approach on the operation period of mountain fortresses after the Jin Dynasty. Based on its strategic location and literature records, it can be suggest that Wunu mountain Fortress was also operated in from the late Goryeo Dynasty to the Middle Joseon Dynasty. It is expected that the historically important and transitional period of operation will be revealed through detailed investigations and studies of relics and relics in the future.