국가 수준 유치원교육과정 실행에 있어 홀리스틱 관점의 의미
The Value of Holistic Perspective in Implementing Korean National Curriculum for Early Childhood Education
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이 연구에서는 국가수준 유치원 교육과정의 실행에 있어 홀리스틱 관점이 어떤 의미가 있는지 살펴보고자 한다. 홀리스틱 관점은 우주의 모든 존재들은 연결되어 역동적으로 상호작용하므로 각 존재들은 전체와의 관계 속에서 서로의 기능과 가치를 파악 할 수 있다고 본다. 따라서 홀리스틱 교육은 총체적인 인식, 관계와 의미 발견, 그리고 상생의 능력을 강조한다. 이를 위한 교수원리로써 교육활동에 개입되는 모든 요소들의 관계를 파악하여 최적기(균형)에 통합, 연관시킬 것을 제안한다. 특히 온몸의 감각이 열려 직관적으로 내적 상황을 파악하는 유아들의 교육을 위해서는 교사의 정신적 태도까지 포함한 물리적·심리적·도덕적 환경제공이 강조된다. 이러한 홀리스틱 관점은 교사들이 “사람과 자연을 존중하고 사랑하는 세계관”이 교육과정 전반에 걸쳐 반영되어 있는 유치원 교육과정을 실천함에 있어 교사 자신, 유아, 자연 및 교육 주제들 간의 유기적 관계에 주목하도록 자극한다. 유기적 관계에 대한 자각은 교사로 하여금 자연 존중, 삶의 가치에 기반을 둔 의미 있는 지식 창출, 유아들의 학습 활동에 대한 교사 의 책임 인식 및 자기 성찰과 진실한 보살핌의 의미를 터득하도록 지원하여 적극적이고 도덕적인 자세로 교육과정을 실천하려는 의지를 가질 수 있도록 동기를 부여한다는 점에서 홀리스틱 관점이 주목될 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is finding the value of holistic perspective in implementing Korean National Curriculum for Early Childhood Education. Interconnectedness and dynamic interaction, the core concept of holistic perspective, are immanent in the whole beings and things in the universe. Therefore, the function and the value of each being or thing should be perceived in the relationship of the whole. Thus, holistic education emphasizes a sense of the whole, the ability of co-existence, and the relationship and the meaning of each individual’s life in their surroundings. For this end, holistic teaching is founded on the basic principles which attempts to include and connect the whole element which impact on teaching and learning activities and to make balance between them. In particular, education for young children, who intuit their teachers’ state of mind, pays attention to teachers’ internal attitude as well. Based on the characteristics reviewed above, holistic perspective supports teachers to pay attention to the relationship among teachers themselves, children, nature, and the subject matter when they implement the Korea National Curriculum for Early Childhood Education, which emphasizes to respect and love human and nature and the world view is reflected in the whole area of the curriculum. This leads teachers’ determination to implement the national curriculum in a moral attitude and encourage them to fulfil teachers’ self-reflection, authentic caring for children, respecting nature based on the low of co-existence, and value-centered knowledge production. For this reason, holistic perspective can be significant in implementing Korean National Curriculum for Early Childhood Education.
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