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A Reinterpretation of Chosŏn-Qing Foreign Relations through an Analysis of Chosŏn and Later Jin Bilateral Relations

장정수|Yuh, Leighanne
동아시아학술원 (The Academy of East Asian Studies)|2023.05|Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies|제23권 제1호|pp. 49-71|DOI 10.1215/15982661-10336292

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참고문헌

키워드

Chosŏn-Jin bilateral relationsroyal lettersManchu Invasionsearly seventeenth-century Chosŏn diplomacy
주제분류학제간연구

초록

Existing research tends to treat the transition from Chosŏn-Ming relations to Chosŏn-Qing relations as an uninterrupted process and the two relations as equivalent to each other. This article will show, from Chosŏn's perspective, how relations between Chosŏn and Later Jin evolved between 1605 and 1636 and later influenced Chosŏn-Qing relations. While Chosŏn initially treated Later Jin as barbarians and not as an official state, after the establishment of Later Jin, equal interstate relations were established through the exchange of royal letters (kuksŏ 國書) and envoys (sinsa 信使) during the years 1627–29. Negotiations continued until the Second Manchu Invasion in 1636, during which time interactions with the Ming continued as usual but discussions with Later Jin through royal letters established bilateral relations. After 1636 and the establishment of the Qing dynasty, diplomatic documents followed the same format as Chosŏn-Ming relations, but Chosŏn still considered the Qing as barbarians and continued to express their loyalty to the Ming through covert actions affirming the Ming as the Heavenly Dynasty. Thus, Chosŏn-Ming relations and Chosŏn-Qing relations were qualitatively different and cannot be considered the same.

Abstract

Existing research tends to treat the transition from Chosŏn-Ming relations to Chosŏn-Qing relations as an uninterrupted process and the two relations as equivalent to each other. This article will show, from Chosŏn's perspective, how relations between Chosŏn and Later Jin evolved between 1605 and 1636 and later influenced Chosŏn-Qing relations. While Chosŏn initially treated Later Jin as barbarians and not as an official state, after the establishment of Later Jin, equal interstate relations were established through the exchange of royal letters (kuksŏ 國書) and envoys (sinsa 信使) during the years 1627–29. Negotiations continued until the Second Manchu Invasion in 1636, during which time interactions with the Ming continued as usual but discussions with Later Jin through royal letters established bilateral relations. After 1636 and the establishment of the Qing dynasty, diplomatic documents followed the same format as Chosŏn-Ming relations, but Chosŏn still considered the Qing as barbarians and continued to express their loyalty to the Ming through covert actions affirming the Ming as the Heavenly Dynasty. Thus, Chosŏn-Ming relations and Chosŏn-Qing relations were qualitatively different and cannot be considered the same.

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관련 논문AI추천

‘外國’과 ‘屬國’의 사이 ― 正史를 통해 본 청의 조선 인식 ―김선민수선사학회 · 사림2012 · 제41호Was Joseon a Model or an Exception? Reconsidering the Tributary Relations during Ming China차혜원한국학중앙연구원 · Korea Journal2011 · 제51권 제4호17세기 초 朝鮮의 이원적 對女眞 교섭과 ‘藩胡規例’장정수명청사학회 · 명청사연구2020 · 제54호正祖 즉위 초기 對淸 외교 정책과 조정의 對淸 인식한승현규장각한국학연구원 · 한국문화2021 · 제96호천총 연간(1627-1636) 후금의 조선 사신 접대 양상과 그 의미김영진명청사학회 · 명청사연구2023 · 제59호欄頭: 청-조선 조공관계의 변경적 측면김선민대구사학회 · 대구사학2009 · 제96권

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