An Empirical Study on the Happiness of Generation MZ Employees in South Korea: Focusing on the Preceding Factors of Happiness and Engagement
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study focuses on the happiness of the generation MZ of innovative enterprises, which are evaluated as the driving force of economic growth at a time when the value of happiness is emerging. Happiness is related to the prosperity and performance of the organization. However, MZ generation office workers, who account for 45% of the economically active population, are considered unhappy at work. Therefore, this study attempted to explore the preceding factors (organizational factors, relationship and communication factors, and personal factors) of happiness for the generation MZ of innovative enterprises and to examine the effect of happiness on employee engagement. For the study, 300 usable responses were collected from generation MZ working in innovative enterprises through an online survey. Research hypotheses and research questions were verified using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0. As a result, it was confirmed that procedural justice among the organizational factors, rewarding co-worker/supervisor relationship among the relationship/communication factors, and personal factors (meaningfulness of work, personal accomplishment) positively affected the MZ generation's workplace happiness. In particular, the meaningfulness of work, which corresponds to personal factors, exerted the most significant influence. In addition, in the case of happiness at the workplace, there was a positive effect on employee engagement, which was stronger in organizational engagement than in job engagement. As a result of examining the structural relationship between variables used in the study, it was found that procedural justice, rewarding co-worker/supervisor relationships, the meaningfulness of work, and personal accomplishment positively affected employee engagement through happiness. Through research, the importance of happiness at the workplace was suggested by systematically reviewing the preceding variables of happiness at the workplace and grasping the positive effects of happiness. In addition, the management measure of generation MZ employees of innovative enterprises was discussed, the necessity of research on happiness at the workplace was emphasized, and follow-up studies were proposed.
Abstract
This study focuses on the happiness of the generation MZ of innovative enterprises, which are evaluated as the driving force of economic growth at a time when the value of happiness is emerging. Happiness is related to the prosperity and performance of the organization. However, MZ generation office workers, who account for 45% of the economically active population, are considered unhappy at work. Therefore, this study attempted to explore the preceding factors (organizational factors, relationship and communication factors, and personal factors) of happiness for the generation MZ of innovative enterprises and to examine the effect of happiness on employee engagement. For the study, 300 usable responses were collected from generation MZ working in innovative enterprises through an online survey. Research hypotheses and research questions were verified using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0. As a result, it was confirmed that procedural justice among the organizational factors, rewarding co-worker/supervisor relationship among the relationship/communication factors, and personal factors (meaningfulness of work, personal accomplishment) positively affected the MZ generation's workplace happiness. In particular, the meaningfulness of work, which corresponds to personal factors, exerted the most significant influence. In addition, in the case of happiness at the workplace, there was a positive effect on employee engagement, which was stronger in organizational engagement than in job engagement. As a result of examining the structural relationship between variables used in the study, it was found that procedural justice, rewarding co-worker/supervisor relationships, the meaningfulness of work, and personal accomplishment positively affected employee engagement through happiness. Through research, the importance of happiness at the workplace was suggested by systematically reviewing the preceding variables of happiness at the workplace and grasping the positive effects of happiness. In addition, the management measure of generation MZ employees of innovative enterprises was discussed, the necessity of research on happiness at the workplace was emphasized, and follow-up studies were proposed.
참고문헌 (78)
- Bataineh, A. K., "Impact of work-life balance, happiness at work, on employee performance", International Business Research, 12(2), pp.99~112 (2019)
- Bentler, P. M., "Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures", Psychological bulletin, 88(3), pp.588~606 (1980)
- Carlson, D. S., "Is work—family balance more than conflict and enrichment?", Human relations, 62(10), pp.1459~1486 (2009)
- 정경진, "비폭력대화 모델에 기초한 집중형 의사소통 집단상담 프로그램이 대인관계 능력 및 대인관계 스트레스와 직무만족에 미치는 효과", 인간이해, 32(1), pp.31~46 (2011), 학생생활상담연구소
- 진현, "직장에서의 행복 연구: 직무와 조직 측면의 분석", 인적자원관리연구, 23(3), pp.79~98 (2016), 한국인적자원관리학회
- 최종열, "기업가정신, 혁신역량 및 외부협력이 벤처기업의 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향", 벤처창업연구, 10(5), pp.219~231 (2015), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
- "Economic community warns, “Korea's economy is in crisis of zero growth in five years”" (2022)[URL]
- Choudhury, A., "Employee Happiness, Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment : A Literature Review", ITIHAS-The Journal of Indian Management, 9(1) (2019)
- Fisher, C. D., "Happiness at work", International journal of management reviews, 12(4), pp.384~412 (2010)
- Fornell, C., "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error", Journal of marketing research, 18(1), pp.39~50 (1981)
- Fredrickson, B. L., "What good are positive emotions?", Review of general psychology, 2(3), pp.300~319 (1998)
- Fredrickson, B. L., "Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing", American psychologist, 60(7), pp.678~ (2005)
- Goldhaber, G. M., "Auditing organizational communication systems: The ICA communication audit" (1979), Hunt Publishing Company
- Hong, J. K., "A Study on Positive Organizational Scholarship for Happiness", Journal of Happiness and Affluence Studies, 7(1), pp.1~17 (2018)
- 홍소희, "MZ세대 특성에 따른 커뮤니케이션 메소드에 관한 연구", 조형미디어학, 24(1), pp.113~120 (2021), 한국일러스아트학회[DOI]
- Indhira, N., "Employee Engagement, Fatigue and Happiness in IT Sector in India", Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 8(9), pp.1098~1103 (2014)
- "Happiness is in order of age? The lower the age and position of an office worker" (2018)[URL]
- 전기석, "Impact of Organizational Communication, Innovation Culture, and Organizational Commitment on the Effectiveness of Informal Learning in Korea", HRD연구, 15(3), pp.307~334 (2013), 한국인력개발학회[DOI]
- Jeong, Y., "The Effects of perception of Fairness in society on Happiness: The Case of Seoul Citizen", Master, pp.2018
- 정승환, "기업의 조직문화가 조직에서의 주관적 행복에 미치는 영향", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 16(5), pp.497~508 (2016), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- 조삼섭, "MZ 세대의 사내 커뮤니케이션 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구: Public Relations의 조직-공중 관계성 이론 적용을 중심으로", 사회과학논집, 52(2), pp.69~90 (2021), 사회과학연구소[DOI]
- Jöreskog, K. G., "LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language" (1993), Scientific software international
- 김정운, "‘일과 삶의 균형(Work-Life Balance)’ 척도 개발을 위한 연구", 여가학연구, 5(3), pp.53~69 (2008), 여가문화학회[DOI]
- Kim, C-W., "The Conceptual understanding on ‘Work-Life Balance’ and its effectiveness", Journal of Leisure Studies, 2, pp.29~48 (2005)
- 김은희, "일과 삶의 균형에 따른 사회적 계층이 주관적 행복감", 관광연구, 32(7), pp.1~24 (2017), 대한관광경영학회
- 김경묵, "기업 지배구조와 혁신 : 소유구조가 연구개발(R&D) 투자에 미치는 영향", 경영학연구, 32(6), pp.1799~1832 (2003), 한국경영학회
- 김현근, "경력성장기회, 역할과부하, 심리적 자본이 일-가정균형만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 직무요구-자원이론을 중심으로", 기업경영연구, 23(4), pp.125~153 (2016), 한국기업경영학회
- 김주엽, "행복 : 조직행동의 새로운 지평", 인적자원개발연구, 12(1), pp.123~141 (2009), 한국인적자원개발학회
- 김영곤, "소방공무원의 세대 차이에 관한 연구 - 제도, 조직문화, 직무동기에 대한 인식을 중심으로 -", 한국지방행정학보, 13(1), pp.1~24 (2016), 한국지방행정학회
- Kim, S-A., "Korean Happiness in International Comparison" (2022), KIHASA
- 구재선, "심리적 특성, 생활 경험, 행복의 통합적 관계", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 20(4), pp.1~18 (2006), 한국사회및성격심리학회
- 구교준, "소득과 삶의 역량에 따른 행복 결정요인 연구", 한국행정학보, 48(2), pp.317~339 (2014), 한국행정학회
- 이종만, "직장인의 주관적 안녕감에 영향을 미치는 요인", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 14(1), pp.400~408 (2014), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- 이재완, "워라밸과 삶의 만족: 세대 간 차이를 중심으로", 지방정부연구, 22(3), pp.267~291 (2018), 한국지방정부학회[DOI]
- Lee, K. J., "Structural Equation Model: Principles and Applications" (2019), HAKJISA
- Lee, S, "Relationship between happiness index, personality strength, and job satisfaction of secondary school teachers", pp.2013
- 임정숙, "조직내 세대갈등이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향: 연령통합인식의 매개효과와 연령집단간 차이를 중심으로", 인문사회 21, 9(2), pp.853~866 (2018), 인문사회 21[DOI]
- Lucas, T., "Procedural and distributive justice beliefs for self and others : Assessment of a four-factor individual differences model", Journal of Individual Differences, 32(1), pp.14~ (2011)
- Lyubomirsky, S., "The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect : Does Happiness Lead to Success", Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), pp.803~855 (2005)
- "Why are teenagers and 40s the same generation?" (2022)[URL]
- "Productivity increases when employees are happy…Design a Happy Workplace" (2018)[URL]
- 맹철규, "정부의 혁신형 기업의 개념과 지원정책의 발전방안 연구", 기업과혁신연구, 44(3), pp.85~101 (2021), 지식경영연구원[DOI]
- Maslach, C., "The measurement of experienced burnout", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), pp.99~113 (1981)
- May, D. R., "The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), pp.11~37 (2004)
- McDowall, A., "Employee development: an organizational justice perspective" (2004), Personnel review
- McFarlin, D. B., "Distributive and Procedural Justice as Predictors of Satisfaction with Personal and Organizational Outcomes", Academy of Management Journal, 35(3), pp.626~637 (1992)
- Ministry of SMEs and Startup, "Professional terminology of the Ministry of SMEs and Startups", ~ (2010)
- Moorman, R. H., "Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior", Journal of Applied psychology, 76(6), pp.845~855 (1991)
- Niehoff, B. P., "Justice as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Methods of Monitoring and Organizational Citizenship Behavior", Academy of Management Journal, 36(3), pp.527~556 (1993)
- 오신호, "기업의 재무적 성과 향상을 위한 제품혁신 메커니즘 분석: 공정혁신, 조직혁신, 마케팅혁신의 조절효과를 중심으로", 기술혁신학회지, 16(4), pp.1006~1031 (2013), 한국기술혁신학회
- Othman, A. K., "Measuring employee happiness: Analyzing the dimensionality of employee engagement", International Conference on Kansei Engineering & Emotion Research, pp.863~869 (2018), Springer
- 박정열, "일과 삶의 균형 조직문화 척도 개발 및 타당화 연구", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 16(8), pp.693~705 (2016), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- 박지연, "일과 생활의 조화와 상사-부하 관계가 조직몰입에 미치는 영향: 직장에서의 행복을 매개변인으로", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 27(2), pp.317~338 (2014), 한국산업및조직심리학회[DOI]
- 박재민, "기업의 혁신 활동이 기업성과에 미치는 영향", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 11(3), pp.339~350 (2011), 한국콘텐츠학회
- 박기관, "조직의 사회적 자본 및 조직문화와 조직유효성간의 관계에 관한 실증적 분석", 사회융합연구, 5(6), pp.67~78 (2021), 국방안보연구소[DOI]
- 박미정, "대학생의 의사소통 기술이 대인관계 만족도 및 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 17(11), pp.423~434 (2017), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- 박민진, "미래세대의 행복과 영향 요인 연구: MZ세대를 중심으로", 도시행정학보, 34(4), pp.121~147 (2021), 한국도시행정학회
- 박수진, "공군 부사관의 심리적 주인의식과직무만족의 관계에서 공동체 의식의 매개효과", 청소년학연구, 25(12), pp.327~346 (2018), 한국청소년학회[DOI]
- 박영신, "한국 성인 남녀가 행복에 이르는 길: 직업 성취, 자녀 성공, 정서적 지원과 자기효능감의 영향", 한국심리학회지:여성, 14(3), pp.467~495 (2009), 한국여성심리학회[DOI]
- 박영신, "성인이 지각한 행복의 수준과 요인: 가정, 직장, 여가생활을 중심으로", 인간발달연구, 20(2), pp.153~184 (2013), 한국인간발달학회
- Price, J. L., "Absenteeism and Turnover of Hospital Employees" (1986), JAI Press
- "235 additional “national innovative companies” were selected...Financial Assistance for Future Growth" (2021)[URL]
- Saks, A. M., "Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7) (2006)
- Talk about the happiness of Korean office workers, "SERI", SERI, ~ (2013)
- 심재권, "근무평정의 공정성수용인식이 하위직공무원의 혁신적 업무행동에 미치는 영향", 한국행정학보, 41(2), pp.141~166 (2007), 한국행정학회
- 심의선, "아동보호전문기관 종사자의 직장 행복이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향연구", 사회복지정책, 46(1), pp.5~31 (2019), 한국사회복지정책학회[DOI]
- Stallings, M. C., "Relationships among life events and psychological well-being: More evidence for a two-factor theory of well-being", Journal of Applied Gerontology, 16(1), pp.104~119 (1997)
- 설진선, "직장 내 세대갈등 해결을 위한 사내 커뮤니케이션과 직장 내 괴롭힘 금지법의 역할은 무엇일까?: X⋅Y세대 직장인들과의 질적 인터뷰를 통한 탐색적 연구", 사회과학연구, 59(1), pp.251~290 (2020), 사회과학연구원[DOI]
- "Office worker happiness score average 41 points...Which company has the highest happiness score?" (2019)[URL]
- "One in five people is “happiness vulnerable”...3rd place behind OECD happiness ranking" (2019)[URL]
- Thompson, C., "Managing millennials : A framework for improving attraction, motivation, and retention", The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 15(4), pp.237~246 (2012)
- Uncu, Y., "Job related affective well-being among primary health care physicians", European Journal of Public Health, 17(5), pp.514~519 (2007)
- Van Katwyk, P. T., "Using the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale(JAWS)to investigate affective responses to work stressors", Journal of occupational health psychology, 5(2), pp.219~ (2000)
- Wahyanto, T., "Effect of Happiness at Work on Employee Engagement and Intention to Stay of Hospital Employees", Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12) (2019)
- Weiss, H. M., "Effects of justice conditions on discrete emotions", Journal of applied Psychology, 84(5), pp.786~ (1999)
- World Happiness Report 2020, "WHR", ~ (2020)
- Wong, M. M., "Motivation and academic achievement : The effects of personality traits and the duality of experience", Journal of Personality, 59(3), pp.539~574 (1991)
- 유두호, "정부의 공정성이 행복에 미치는 영향요인 분석: 정부혁신의 조절효과를 중심으로", 지방정부연구, 24(4), pp.297~319 (2021), 한국지방정부학회[DOI]