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직장에서의 행복 연구: 직무와 조직 측면의 분석

Happiness at the Workplace: An Analysis on the Two Distinct Paths of Job and Organization

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참고문헌

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주제분류경영학

초록

직장에서의 행복은 일반적인 행복 논의에 기반하면서도 직장에서 발생하는 요소들에 의하여 주로 영향을 받는다. 행복이라는 주제가 매우 중요하게 평가되어 왔지만, 지금까지의 관련 논의들은 주로 개념적인 측면에서 이루어졌으며, 직장에서의 행복의 결정요인 및 과정에 대한 경험적인 연구는 거의 이루어지지 못했다. 본 연구는 Diener, Scollon & Lucas(2003)와 영국 통계청이 개발한 다면적인 행복 평가 지표에 기반하여, 직장인의 행복에 영향을 미치는 두 차별적인 측면, 즉 직무 관련 측면과 조직 관련 측면에 대한 경험적인 분석을 제시하고 있다. 총 709명 직장인들의 설문데이터를 Mplus를 사용하여 확인적 요인분석과 구조방정식모형을 분석한 결과, 직무의 의미감, 자율성은 직무열의에 영향을 미치며, 조직의 지원은 조직몰입에 각각 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견하였다. 그러나 직무열의와 조직몰입이 동시에 고려되었을 때, 조직몰입은 직장에서의 행복감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만 직무열의는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않아서, 우리나라 직장인들의 행복에는 직무적인 요소보다는 조직 요소가 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 국내 직장인들을 대상으로 실제 경험 데이타를 활용한 직장에서의 행복 연구로서, 대상유사성(target similarity) 시각에 기반하여 논의를 진행하였다는 점에서 이론적인 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 또한 직장에서의 행복을 개인의 성격, 태도, 노력에 맡기기 보다는 기업이 적극적으로 관심을 기울임으로써 직장인의 행복을 개선할 수 있다는 실무적인 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

Abstract

Despite the importance of happiness at the workplace, empirical research on the subject is very rare. Most of the existing studies on happiness have been rather philosophical or psychological, discussing the meaning, construct validity, and the sub-dimensions of the happiness concept in life. A few existing studies have suggested that workers' perceptions of happiness are multiple foci, including their jobs and organizations. Drawing upon this assertion, we examine two distinct processes of happiness, i.e., job-based and organization-based foci. Specifically, we apply an extended version of Lavelle and colleagues'(2007) target similarity model. Working within the social exchange framework, the authors argued that perception of a target(e.g., organization, supervisor, or peers) more strongly impacts behavior and attitudes toward the target than other foci. Extending the target similarity model to a broader framework of happiness at work, we hypothesized that job-targeted perceptions impact happiness at work via job engagement, while perceived organizational supports influence happiness at work via organizational commitment. Using survey data collected from 709 workers and Mplus as a statistical tool, we found that organization-targeted processes enhanced happiness at work but job-based processes/job engagement had no impact on happiness. The results indicate that Korean workers may perceive greater happiness when they are satisfied with support from organization than when they perceive autonomy and meaning from their jobs. The present research seems to be one of the few studies exploring happiness at work using empirical data. In addition, the results suggest that companies should actively manage to boost happiness of workers at the workplace, rather than leaving their happiness up to intention and selection of individual employees. Discussions of theoretical contributions and practical implications are included.

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