라몬 룰(Ramon Llull, 1232-1316)의 생애와 대화 탐구기술(Ars) 이해
The Life and Understanding of Ramon Llull's (1232-1316) Art of Dialogue (Ars)
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이 논문은 13세기 라틴 유럽에서 기독교가 이슬람을 대상으로 펼친 두 가지 방식, 즉 십자군과 선교에 대한 라몬 룰(Ramon Llull, 1232-1316)의 인식과 실천을 연구한다. 라몬 룰은 십자군과 레콘키 스타의 맥락 속에서 복음 전도자로 활동했으며, 그의 삶과 신학을 통해 타자와의 대화적 접근을 강조했다. 특히 라몬 룰이 개발한 ‘탐구기술’(Ars)을 대화 지향적 선교 이론 으로 규정하고, 이를 논의한다. 13세기 이베리아 반도는 기독교와 이 슬람 간의 변증 전통과 학문 교류가 활발하게 이루어졌으며, 이러한 배 경에서 라몬 룰은 이슬람과의 대화를 위한 새로운 소통의 언어, ‘아르 스’(Ars)를 개발했다. 이 '아르스'는 논리적, 명상적, 대화적 탐구기술 로 나뉘며, 특히 대화적 탐구기술은 삼위일체와 성육신에 대한 담론으 로 이어진다. 라몬 룰은 십자군식의 일방적인 개종 시도 대신, 동반자적 대화를 통한 복음 전도를 추구했다. 그의 선교신학은 타자에 대한 평화적 접근 과 대화를 중심으로 하며, 이를 통해 중세 유럽의 이슬람 인식이 변화 했다는 점을 강조한다. 룰은 이슬람을 진리로 이끄는 동반자로 이해하 며, 대화주의 선교신학자로 자리매김된다.
Abstract
This paper examines Ramon Llull’s (1232-1316) perception and practice of two approaches that Latin Europe’s Christianity employed towards Islam in the late 13th to early 14th century: the Crusades and mission work. Ramon Llull, operating within the context of the Crusades and the Reconquista, was a proponent of evangelism through dialogue, and his life and theology emphasized a conversational approach to engaging with the “other.” In particular, the study defines Llull's development of the ‘Art’ (Ars) as a dialogue-oriented mission theory and constructs arguments around it. The 13th-century Iberian Peninsula was marked by active apologetic traditions and scholarly exchanges between Christians and Muslims, which served as the backdrop for Llull’s creation of a new communicative language, ‘Ars,’ aimed at facilitating dialogue with Islam. This ‘Ars’ is categorized into logical, meditative, and dialogical inquiry techniques, with the dialogical aspect particularly focusing on discourse regarding the Trinity and the Incarnation. Llull rejected the one-sided conversion efforts of the Crusades, advocating instead for the proclamation of the Gospel through partnership-based dialogue. His missiology centered on peaceful engagement with the “other,” contributing to the evolving understanding of Islam in medieval Europe. Llull is positioned as a dialogical missiologist who viewed the “other” as a partner in the pursuit of truth, and his work highlights the shift in medieval Europe’s perception of Islam.
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