深河戰鬪의 名將 金應河와 "忠烈錄" 판화
Kim Eung-Ha, the Hero of the Sarhu Battle, and the Woodblock Prints of Chungnyeollok
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This is an art-historical look into the woodblock prints of the Chungnyeollok published in memory of Kim Eung-Ha who was killed in action in the Sarhu Battle against Later Jin(後金) in 1619. The first edition of Chungnyeollok was published in 1621 to justify the fact that Joseon had been reluctant in sending reinforcements to Ming, and to defend the fact that Joseon troops led by Kang Hong-Nip(강홍립) surrendered to Later Jin. Meanwhile, the second edition of Chungnyeollok published in 1798 was a full synthesis of the all the efforts throughout Later Joseon Period to praise Kim Eung-Ha. In fact, the praise for Kim Eung-Ha was in close connection with the Theory of Fulfilling the Obligation to Ming (對明義理論) the Theory of Zhou-centered World (尊周論), and coincided with the identity of Joseon since the 17th Century. It was an effort to stay faithful to the fallen Ming, former ally, and to maintain at least in spirit the Ming-centered cultural order in East Asia. In such an intention, Joseon continued to praise the war dead, the loyal retainers, and the patriots who were victimized in Imjinweran(壬辰倭亂) or in Byeongjahoran(丙子胡亂) war. That was because they were considered contributors to defending the regime and the state. Especially after the defeat in Byeongjahoran(丙子胡亂) and the humiliating incident when Joseon king surrendered to Qing, China, Joseon people began to raise voices for revenge against Qing. The death of Kim Eung-Ha in the Sarhu Battle who had fought against Later Jin(Qing), got to carry greater meaning. The first and the second editions of Chungnyeollok each contains a portrait of Kim Eung-Ha, and four pieces of woodblock prints describing Kim Eung-Ha's military actions, which are noteworthy examples of war painting. The prints in the first edition of Chungnyeollok were designed after the Jeongchungnok, the book about the patriotic deeds of Yue-Fei(岳飛) of Southern Sung, China. The Jeongchungnok, which was published between 1522-1566 was imported to Joseon in 1584, and was republished in Joseon at the order of King Seonjo. Unlike the the books, Donggukshinsok Samganghaengsildo(東國新續三綱行實圖) or Hangeuishinpyeon(抗義新編) which also deal with the war veterans of Imjinweran, the fact that Chungnyeollok took Chungnyeollok as a model can be because they both praised the generalwho fought against the Jurchins.
Abstract
This is an art-historical look into the woodblock prints of the Chungnyeollok published in memory of Kim Eung-Ha who was killed in action in the Sarhu Battle against Later Jin(後金) in 1619. The first edition of Chungnyeollok was published in 1621 to justify the fact that Joseon had been reluctant in sending reinforcements to Ming, and to defend the fact that Joseon troops led by Kang Hong-Nip(강홍립) surrendered to Later Jin. Meanwhile, the second edition of Chungnyeollok published in 1798 was a full synthesis of the all the efforts throughout Later Joseon Period to praise Kim Eung-Ha. In fact, the praise for Kim Eung-Ha was in close connection with the Theory of Fulfilling the Obligation to Ming (對明義理論) the Theory of Zhou-centered World (尊周論), and coincided with the identity of Joseon since the 17th Century. It was an effort to stay faithful to the fallen Ming, former ally, and to maintain at least in spirit the Ming-centered cultural order in East Asia. In such an intention, Joseon continued to praise the war dead, the loyal retainers, and the patriots who were victimized in Imjinweran(壬辰倭亂) or in Byeongjahoran(丙子胡亂) war. That was because they were considered contributors to defending the regime and the state. Especially after the defeat in Byeongjahoran(丙子胡亂) and the humiliating incident when Joseon king surrendered to Qing, China, Joseon people began to raise voices for revenge against Qing. The death of Kim Eung-Ha in the Sarhu Battle who had fought against Later Jin(Qing), got to carry greater meaning. The first and the second editions of Chungnyeollok each contains a portrait of Kim Eung-Ha, and four pieces of woodblock prints describing Kim Eung-Ha's military actions, which are noteworthy examples of war painting. The prints in the first edition of Chungnyeollok were designed after the Jeongchungnok, the book about the patriotic deeds of Yue-Fei(岳飛) of Southern Sung, China. The Jeongchungnok, which was published between 1522-1566 was imported to Joseon in 1584, and was republished in Joseon at the order of King Seonjo. Unlike the the books, Donggukshinsok Samganghaengsildo(東國新續三綱行實圖) or Hangeuishinpyeon(抗義新編) which also deal with the war veterans of Imjinweran, the fact that Chungnyeollok took Chungnyeollok as a model can be because they both praised the generalwho fought against the Jurchins.
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