论郑氏家族的兴衰对明末清初海权和海贸的影响

Abstract

Through the cooperation with the government of the late Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong Family Goup(ZZFG), a rising maritime trade group during Tianqi and Chongzhen period, regained the lost thalassocracy of the Ming Dynasty and established a new maritime trade order in the East and South Seas controlled by ZZFG. This event made the Ming dynasty, which had deeply entrenched in the crisis of sovereignty, exchanged territorial waters stability with low cost official ranking and titular honors，the order was orderly, the circulation was smooth, the profit increased several times, foreign trade rapidly reached an unprecedented peak of prosperity in the whole Ming dynasty. This situation is so good that all the official, people and businessmen feel hoppy and could share benefit from it. Residents of the coastal provinces also took this opportunity to resume production and develop their economy, people’s life was improved, and the long- stalled process of transition from a single agricultural self-sufficient economy to a pluralistic agricultural commercialization system had also been push forward, formed a national trade supplies circulation market system, which connected coastal ports and mainland major commercial cities and towns. However, after the collapse of ZZFG, the thalassocracy was again almost completely lost by the Manchu government, and the Chinese merchants were further pressured by the western merchants and become unsustainable. The three short boards of thalassocracy, coastal defense and maritime trade had a long and serious negative impact on the Qing empire.