嘉靖年間 東南沿海社會와 月港의 開放

Abstract

This study presumed that the impetus to change the ban on maritime trade policy(海禁政策) lay in the costal society, aiming to explore the nature of the needs of coastal society in the Jiajing Reign until under the Opening of Yue-Gang. For this purpose, this study analysed the nature of ban on maritime trade(海禁). The ban on maritime trade of Yuan Dynasty unified functions and purpose to secure national profits from trade, but the Ming Dynasty did not. The Ming Dynasty accepted opinions of conservative ban on maritime trade proponents who neglected the commercial prospects of coastal societies with an emphasis on public security with regarding to the violent circumstances there. Zhuwan(朱紈) was sent to the coastal societal area to secure public security through conservative ban on maritime trade by excluding ‘connections(接濟).’ However, this method had an influence on the trade and lives of people in communities and instead induced Japanese invaders further inlanded resulting in severe damage. The people in coastal society were driven to smuggling or piracy. The purpose of ban on maritime trade as a national law was to ensure public security, but the coastal society had gained profits under it. For this, some people in costal society made illegal voyages and engaged in smuggling. However, when the public security in the coastal society was severe, the ban on maritime trade became a barrier to trade by sticking to its original purpose and function. Such a profit-oriented nature of coastal society was separate from the order of the Ming Dynasty which put an emphasis on public security. However, the coastal society had to eliminate violent groups such as Japanese invaders and pirates in order to ensure public security there. As for public security, the coastal society suggested construction of harbors centering on the sea routes of the islands. That is, it was emphasized that it could guarantee the livelihood of people in the coastal areas and it was more practical to reinforce national coastal security through tax income. As these needs were accepted by military officers of the coastal society who had to realize the will to defeat Japanese invaders occupying land during the middle of the Ming Dynasty, an advance to the sea was planned and prepared for. In conclusion, it was discovered that the trade in coastal society could be compatible with national security and the ban on maritime trade policy by the Ming Dynasty could not ensure more public stability. The opening of Yue-Gang was designed to prevent a Japanese invasion and maintain public security at sea.