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개혁주의 관점에서 상황화 선교를 위한 바울 설교의 적용 - 사도행전 17:16-34를 중심으로

Application of Paul’s Speech for Contextualization of Missions from the Viewpoint of Reformed Theology : Focusing on Acts 17:16-34

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본 논문은 다원주의 시대 속에서 사도행전 17:16-34의 해석을 통해 ‘상황화 선교를 위한 바울의 설교’를 고찰하는 데 목적이 있 다. 바울은 종교적 혼합주의와 철학적 다양성이 난무하는 아테네 의 아레오바고에서 에피쿠로스와 스토아학파와 열띤 논쟁을 한다. 그 과정에서 바울은 수사학적 표현과 함께 변증적 방식으로 메시지 를 전달한다. 이것은 바울이 화자가 아닌 청자 중심의 의사소통을 했음을 의미한다. 그러면서도, 바울은 자칫 지나치게 문화를 강조 함으로써 발생할 수 있는 위험, ‘상황화 신학’이라는 신학적 딜레마 를 극복한다. 오히려 바울은 청중에게 진리를 전달하고 회개를 요 청하고 그들의 세계관이 변혁되기를 추구함으로써, 복음의 핵심적 가치를 훼손시키지 않는다. 이것은 상황화 선교를 위한 신학적 이해가 얼마나 중요한가를 반증한다. 이런 맥락에서, 상황화 선교를 위한 적용점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선교사는 효과적으로 복음을 전 달하기 위해 화자가 아닌 청중이 이해하는 방식으로 그들과의 접 촉점을 찾아 의사소통을 해야 한다. 둘째, 선교사는 일반 은총의 영 역인 자연계시나 문화를 등한시하거나 배척하지 말고, 오히려 문 화적 접촉점을 통해 하나님의 계시를 분명히 드러내야 한다. 끝으로, 선교사는 타문화권에서 복음을 전할 때 현지인들의 이교적 세 계관이 복음으로 인해 변혁되도록 추구해야 한다. 따라서 저자는 개혁주의 신학의 관점에서 ‘성경의 권위’에 기반한 복음을 통해 반 기독교적 문화의 세계관을 변혁시키는 선교를 강조한다. 결과적으 로 그는 아레오바고에서 바울의 설교가 상황화 선교의 적절한 모범적 예시가 된다고 주장한다.

Abstract

This article aims to look into the speech of Paul for contextual missionary work by interpreting the Acts 17:16-34 in the era of pluralism. Paul engaged himself in heated debates with the school of Stoics and Epicurus in Athens where, at the time, religious syncretism and philosophical diversity prevailed. This led Paul to convey message as well as rhetorical expressions based on dialectic method. This indicates that Paul made communications targeting audience rather than a speaker. At the same time, Paul surmounted theological dilemma called ‘contextual theology’ which could likely be triggered by overemphasis on cultural aspects. Instead Paul chose to deliver truth to audience, requested them to regret themselves and thereby transform their view of the world while refusing to undermine essential value of the Gospel. This paradoxically shows how important it is to properly understand theology for contextual missionary work. In this context, practices to be taken for contextual missionary work should include: Firstly, missionaries, for effective biblical communication, should find point of contact with audience to get the Gospel to be accessible to them in a way that interests audience rather than a speaker. Secondly, missionaries should use point of contact to obviously reveal the God's revelation rather than ignore or dismiss natural revelation or culture belonging to the realm of general Grace of God. Finally, missionaries should deliver Gospel so that the locals may change their heretic view of the world. Thus, the author emphasizes missionary work aimed at transforming anti-Christian view of the world through the Gospel based on ‘authority of the Bible’ from the viewpoint of reformed theology. Conclusively, the author stresses that Paul’s sermon presented in Areopagus serves as proper example of contextual missionary work.

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