‘생산적 노화’ 개념에 대한 비판적 고찰
A critical consideration of the concept of ‘productive aging’
0
조회
0
다운로드
12
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 논문은 미국의 생산적 노화를 사회가 요구해 왔던 노인의 역할 변화라는 측면에서 검토하고 있다. 산업화 이전에는 개인의 생산성과 사회진보의 결합이라는 미국의 독특한 사회적 합의하에서 노인이 다른 연령집단과 마찬가지로 생산자로서의역할을 부여받고 있었다면, 산업화 시기에는 노인의 비효율성이란 고정관념과 은퇴와 연금의 제도화로 인해 소비자로서의 역할에 국한되어 있었다. 1970년대 이후에는 경제위기와 사회보장 재정적자를 둘러싼 논란들을 통해 노인이 의존과 사회의 부담이라는 오명을 부여받게 되었고, 이것은 다시 생산자로서의 역할로 복귀할것을 요구하고 있다. 생산적 노화는 바로 최근의 세 번째 단계에서 등장했다. 생산적 노화의 함의에 대한 비판들로는, 그것이 근거로 활용하고 있는 인구노령화가경제에 파국을 초래할 것이라는 인구학적 통계가 일종의 묵시록적 인구학이라는점, 그것의 정의가 일관성이 없고 편파적이라는 점, 노인의 의존과 사회의 부담이라는 신연령주의를 극복하기보다는 오히려 적극적으로 수용하고 있다는 점, 노인 당사자의 견해에 대한 고려 없이 노년의 삶을 관료적으로 통제하려는 경향이 있다는점 등을 제시해 보았다.
Abstract
This article examines and criticizes productive aging in terms of change of roles that the elderly were called upon to perform by society in the United States. While they were expected to take the role of producer during the preindustrial period, they were supposed to conform to the role of consumer during the industrial period. From the 1970s they were stigmatized as dependency and social burden, and then again were demanded forcibly to take the role of producer. Productive aging emerged at the very third phase. In terms of the implications of productive aging, there were four critics. First, it was based on a kind of apocalyptic demography that population aging had negative effects on economy and society. Second, its definition was inconsistent and one-sided when dealing with domestic labor and personal growth. Third, it did not overcome but accept prejudice and stereotype of new ageism of dependency and social burden. Finally it tried to control and bureaucratize the life of old age without considering the elderly.
참고문헌 (62)
- 김진욱, "한국 노인의 생산적 활동에 관한 실증연구- 1999년과 2004년 생활시간조사자료 분석을 중심으로", 사회복지정책, (25), pp.133~158 (2006), 한국사회복지정책학회
- 김현정, "세대간 지원교환이 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향", 노인복지연구, (47), pp.265~288 (2010), 한국노인복지학회
- 남기민, "취업노인의 생산적 활동요인과 성공적 노화 간의 관계 - 임파워먼트의 매개효과를 중심으로 -", 노인복지연구, (45), pp.365~390 (2009), 한국노인복지학회
- 박선권, "사회노년학 이론의 갈래, 추세, 정책적 함의", 민주사회와 정책연구, (22), pp.73~101 (2012), 민주사회정책연구원[DOI]
- 변재관, "노인복지정책의 전망과 과제", 노인복지연구, 통권 : 14, pp.251~274 (2001), 한국노인복지학회
- 윤순덕, "농촌노인의 생산적 활동과 심리적 복지", 한국노년학, 24(2), pp.57~77 (2004), 한국노년학회
- 이정의, "고령자 경제활동 참여의 국가간 비교 : 한․미․일을 중심으로", 노인복지연구, (50), pp.49~72 (2010), 한국노인복지학회
- 이주일, "생산적 노화에 대한 세대간 인식차 및 생산적 노화 척도의 타당성 분석", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24(1), pp.1~27 (2011), 한국산업및조직심리학회
- 이현기, "생산적 노화활동으로서 노인자원봉사활동: 인적자본 효과를 중심으로", 노인복지연구, (45), pp.335~364 (2009), 한국노인복지학회
- 이희성, "한국의 고령자고용촉진제도", 비교노동법논총, 14, pp.329~359 (2008), 한국비교노동법학회
- 최현수, "우리나라의 노인빈곤 동향 및 빈곤구성에 대한 연구", 한국노년학, 23(3), pp.143~160 (2003), 한국노년학회
- 최성재, "생산적 노화를 위한 복지정책 방향", 한국사회복지학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 발표자료, pp.213~245 (2002)
- 최희경, "‘신노년’ 정책 담론에 대한 비판적 재검토- 활동적 노화, 성공적 노화, 생산적 노화를 중심으로 -", 한국사회정책, 17(3), pp.41~65 (2010), 한국사회정책학회
- Achenbaum, W. A., "productive aging in historical perspective, In Productive Aging: Concepts and Challenges" (2001), The John Hopkins University Press
- Atchley R. C, "A continuity theory of normal aging", The Gerontologist, 29(2), pp.183~190 (1989)
- Atchley R. C., "Social Forces and Aging: An introduction to Social Gerontology" (2000), Wadsworth
- Baltes, P. B., "Successful Aging: Perspectives from the Behavioral Sciences" (1990), Cambridge University Press
- Bass, S. A., "Productive Aging: A Conceptual Framework, In Productive Aging: Concepts and Challenges" (2001), The John Hopkins University Press
- Bass S. A., "Achieving a Productive Aging Society" (1993), Auburn
- Bass, S., "Public Policy and the Old Age Revolution in Japan" (1996), Routledge
- Beauvoir, Simone de, "La Vieillesse" (2002), 책세상
- Béland, D., "Social Security: History and politics from the New Deal to the privatization debate" (2005), Lawrence, University Press of Kansas
- Federal Old Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds, 2007 annual report of the board of trustees of the federal Old Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance trust funds, "Board of Trustees", U. S. Government Printing Office, ~ (2007)
- Butler, R. N., "Why Survive?, In Being Old in America" (1975), Harper & Row
- Butler, R. N., "Productive Aging: Enhancing Vitality in Later Life" (1985), Springer
- Butler, R. N., "Productive aging, In The Encyclopedia of Aging" (1995), Springer
- Covey, S. R., "Seven Habits of Highly Effective People: Restoring the Character Ethic" (1989), Simon & Schuster
- Cowgill, D. O., "Aging around the world" (1986), Wadsworth Pub
- Cumming, E., "Growing Old, In The Process of Disengagement" (1961), Basic Books
- Easterlin R. A., "Economic and social implications of demographic patterns, In Handbook of aging and the social sciences" (1996), Academic Press
- Franklin, B., "The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin" (2003), Touchstone
- Friedan, B., "The fountain of age" (1993), Simon & Schuster
- Havighurst, R. J., "Successful aging", The Gerontologist, 1, pp.8~13 (1961)
- Herzog, A. R., "Age Differences in Productive Activities", Journal of Gerontology, 44(4), pp.129~138 (1989)
- Hinterlong, J., "Productive Aging: principles and perspectives, In Productive Aging: Concepts and Challenges" (2001), The John Hopkins University Press
- Jacobson, Dan, "Optional Early Retirement: Is It a Painless Alternative to Involuntary Layoffs?, In Early Retirement: Approache sand Variations" (1988), Brookdale Institute of Gerontology and Adult Human Development
- Kreps, J. M., "Age, Work, and Income", Southern Economic Journal, 43(4), pp.1423~1437 (1977)
- Kuttner, R., "The revolt of the haves: Tax rebellions and hard times" (1980), Simon and Schuster
- Latimer, M. W., "Industrial pension systems in the United States and Canada" (1932), Industrial Relations Counselors
- Leone, R. C., "Why boomers don’t spell bust, In The American Prospect", pp.68~71 (1997), The Century Foundation
- Merton, R. K., "Social Theory and Social Structure" (1968), The Free Press
- Moody, H. R., "Age, productivity, and transcendence, In Achieving a Productive Aging Society" (1993), Auburn House
- Morgan J. N., "Unpaid productive activity over the life course, In Productive roles in an older society" (1986), National Academy press
- Morris, R., "Retirement reconsidered: Economic and social roles for older people" (1988), Springer
- Neugarten, B. L., "Age Groups in American Society and the Rise of the Young-Old", The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science September, 415, pp.187~198 (1974)
- Neuhaus, Robert Henry, "Successful aging" (1982), University Press of America
- Phillipson, C., "The emergence of retirement" (1978), University of Durham
- Powell, L. A., "The senior rights movement: Framing the policy debate in America" (1996), Twayne Publishers
- Preston, S. H., "Children and the elderly: Divergent paths for America’s dependents", Demography, 21(4), pp.435~457 (1984)
- Quinn, J. F., "Entitlements and the Federal Budget: Securing Our Future" (1996), National Academy on Aging
- Robertson, A., "Beyond Apocalyptic Demography: Towards a Moral Economy of Interdependence", Ageing and Society, 17(4), pp.425~446 (1997)
- Rowe, J. W., "Human aging: usual and successful", Science, 237(4811), pp.143~149 (1987)
- Rowe, J. W., "Successful aging", The Cerontologist, 37(4), pp.433~440 (1997)
- Schulz, J. H., "Productive Aging: An Economist’s View, In Productive Aging: Concepts and Challenges" (2001), The John Hopkins University Press
- Sicker, M, "The paradox of productive aging", Ageing International, 21(2), pp.12~14 (1994)
- Sterns, H., "Health and employment capability of older Americans, In Older and Active: How Americans over 55 Are Contributing to Society" (1995), Yale University Press
- Taylor, F. W., "The Principles of Scientific Management" (1911), Harper & Brothers
- Tocqueville, A. de, "Democracy in America" (1956), New American Library
- Thurow, L. C., "The zero-sum society: Distribution and the possibilities for economic change" (1981), Penguin Books
- Thurow, L. C., "The birth of a revolutionary class", New York Times Magazine, 46~47 (1996)
- Walker, A., "Towards a Political Economy of Old Age", Revised version of a paper presented at the British Society of Gerontology Annual Conference (1980)
- Wattenberg, B. J., "The birth dearth" (1987), Pharos Books
