이양선 출몰에 따른 근대문물 인식변화

Abstract

This thesis aimed at analyzing changes in perception of Western modern civilization throughout the Western vessels that appeared and disappeared in the East Sea, the Western Sea, and the Southern Sea of the Korean Peninsula from Jungjong of Joseon to Gojong of Korea. It examined an effect of the interactions between the ruling class that was scared to differences of modern civilization and the ruled class that was curious about its newness on psychology of historical development. The scope of the study is records of the Western vessels (異樣船) that appeared and disappeared in the seas of the Joseon Dynasty 148 times during 342 years from the 35th reign of Jungjong of Joseon (1540) to the 19th reign fo Gojong of Korea (1882). It's because the majority of Western modern civilization flowed into the Korean Peninsula throughout these Western vessels. Daily necessities and items of personal preference amounted to the majority of the inflow of modern civilization through the Western vessels salvaged. Among the Western vessels that requested trade diplomacy, there were the cases to offer to buy high-tech weapons of those days including high-tech Western grease artillery and vessels (艦船) with them. For the method of the study, it approached subjects of it from a viewpoint of quantitative history (計量史學) through big data analytics. It examined the effect of the interactions between the curiosity and fears of modern civilization on psychology of historical development as the research methodology. For the contents of the study, the Western vessels served as the path that the Bible of the Catholicism or Christianity flowed into the Joseon Dynasty with Western modern civilization. Therefore, the Joseon Government devoted all its energies to close the country (prevent false religions from flowing into it) not to overthrow the royal authority and disrupt Confucian order. This also played a role in the Joseon Dynasty that could not voluntarily be modernized before the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 forcibly concluded by Japan. Like this, the Western vessels are the key word to be able to examine the whole process of modernization according to the inflow of modern civilization into the Joseon Dynasty. In this process, the ruling class including politicians including the Joseon government (Especially, the king and the royal family) had extreme fear (恐怖心) of differences of Western modern civilization as well as the Bible (聖書) to keep Confucian order. This point was analyzed to become crucial historical psychology that voluntary modernization through openness and enlightenment in the late Joseon Dynasty got to be delayed. On the other hand, the people, the ruled class got to have the curiosity (好奇心) for newness that Western modern civilization flowed into the Joseon Dynasty through the Western vessels whether it was serendipitous or inevitable. Psychology of the curiosity for Western modern civilization by the ruled class provides a background for being crucial for modernization through enlightenment (Gabo Reform) later on. A rough analysis of modern civilization according to the Western vessels and changes in its perception obtained results as follows: First, meeting new civilization acts as fear for the ruling class and curiosity for the ruled class. The interactions between their fear and curiosity have found to have an effect on changes in perception of meeting new civilization of Korea and Koreans. Second, fear of the ruling class according to the inflow of modern civilization into the Joseon Dynasty was analyzed to become psychology of extreme conservation to keep the established order and conservation to look at national development from a existent position later on. The curiosity of the ruled class was analyzed to develop into enlightened psychology to establish new order and progressive psychology to accomplish national development based on it. Third, fear psychology of the ruling class in the attitude toward modern civilization is not extremely separated from psychology of curiosity by the ruled class. They tried to overcome complex that xenophobie, hatred of the attitude toward foreign countries and foreigners, and xenophilia, preference of them, are mixed with each other through the interactions. Fourth, Korea and Koreans try to create a new mental structure required for changing the future by overcoming complex that these xenophobie and xenophilia are mixed with each other. Fifth, the interactions between these curiosity and fear show psychology of historical development that Korea and Koreans have an independent and central attitude.