식민지시대 도서지역의 교육사정 - 여수 사립초도학교의 설립경과와 운영 -

Abstract

In Korea, modern schools were established after the Gabo Reform of 1895 and ‘So-Hakgyo(literally 'small school')’changed its name to ‘Botong-Hakgyo(literally 'common school')' in 1906 during the time of Korean Empire, and later to ‘Simsang-So-Hakgyo(literally 'common, small school')’in 1938, and again to‘Gukmin-Hakgyo(literally 'school for emperor's subjects')’ in 1941. Meanwhile, the process of establishing elementary school in Korea during the Japanese colonial period can generally be divided into the following periods. The first period involved establishing private schools, the second, the establishment of one school in every three myeons, the third period, establishing a school in every myeon, the fourth was the procedure of the Second Plan, and the fifth period was the process of preparing for the mandatory education. The Chodo Private School in Yeosu and the Jeollanam-Do, which is to be reviewed in this paper, was approved of in December 1936 and opened in May 1937, during the transitional period between the third and the fourth period. That is, in the mid-1930s, residents in the far-off Chodo Island, Samsan Myeon and Yeosu made a joint pledge to contribute to the proceeds of selling marines seeds for children's education and established a private school by offering their certificates of asset as collateral. The school kept an important material, a collection of official documents related to the school's establishment process, teacher appointment, etc, during the 10 years starting from 1936 to 1945 (Korean independence). This provides us a good idea of what actually happened at that time. It also shows us the 10 year process of obtaining the approval of Governor-Gerneral of Korea to establish a private school in the 1930s, during the Japanese colonial period, and also the residents' efforts involved in the process. Therefore, in this article, the ‘Chodo Private School Establishment and Personnel File’ discovers the central means of education in the island area during the Japanese colonial period, by examining the establishment and operation of Chodo Private Elementary School in Yeosu in the 1930s. However, as regards to the establishment of schools, it was difficult to find out the socio-economic situation of the residents, who fished for a living, and also their education. Moreover, the curriculum and how the actual teachings were proceeded in schools have to wait for further research.