現代日本語における「つもり」の意味と機能

Abstract

This paper primarily focused on the meanings and the functions of “tsumori” in modern Japanese based on actual examples. Although many previous studies have been conducted on the usage of conjunctive particle for “tsumori”, the noun usages, the postpositions, or componentizations of the compound predicate have rarely been reported. In the paper, the four cases of the meanings and the functions of “tsumori” are described and deeply analyzed, and then the results are summarized as follows. First, when used as a noun usage, “tsumori” is found to have the meaning of “to pile up, to be repeated’, where the preconnected noun indicates. In the Heian period, N+tsumori takes a relatively wide range of cases, but in modern times, the use of this method is rarely observed. Second, when used as a postposition, it represents either the will or personality, nature, or position indicated by the preconnected noun. In the case of the will, the action noun is used in the noun N, while in the case of personality, nature, or position, the non-action noun is used in N. It is morphologically limited to one form called N+tsumoride. Third, when used as a conjunctive particle, it represents the will or assumption indicated by the preconnected verb. In the case of the will, V is classified as a ‘suru’ type, and in the case of assumption, V is classified as a ‘sita’ type. It is morphologically limited to one form called V+tsumoride. Fourth, in the case that constitutes a compound predicate, an ‘iru’ verb is used in a predicate, and It implies an adverb meaning to describe the state of the predicate. In summary, “tsumori” originally stands for “to pile up, to be repeated,” as the starting point of the meaning and function in ancient times, but it is rarely used as the noun usage in modern Japanese. Instead, it is most frequently observed as the forms of postposition, the conjunctive particle, or the componentization of the compound predicate.