捷解新語』に現れる「時点副詞」について －「いま」と「ただ今」を中心に－

Abstract

“Adverbs of point in time” indicate when a certain action or behavior is performed depending on the context between the time of utterance and event. In Cheobhaesineo, ten types of adverbs of point in time are used on 38 occasions. Depending on the meaning, these can be divided into adverbs of absolute point in time that directly express the context between the time of utterance and event, and adverbs of relative point in time that show it indirectly. In contrast with other time adverbs, those of absolute point in time directly relate to certain tenses and aspects, and there are adverbs with imperfect or past meanings. However, among these, “いま” and “ただいま”, which are the most frequently used, can appear in one sentence without any restrictions on tenses and aspects, and show the characteristic of freely combining with predicates with action or with state. In addition, “いま”and “ただいま”, which denote the past, are revised in both the revised and middle editions, and this is seen as an educational consideration to distinguish them from “いま” and “ただいま”, which denote non-past. Others are intended to be understood as “revision through the refinement and clarification of meanings.” Unlike adverbs of absolute point in time, those of relative point in time appear freely in past, non-past, and incomplete sentences, and are not restricted by tenses and aspects. Therefore, it can be said that it mainly functions to show the context between the time of utterance and postulated event or relevant event.